1. Body Systems in Vertebrate Animals SWBAT differentiate between bone and cartilage; define vertebral column and skull; describe circulation through a 2, 3, and 4 chambered heart; compare respiration in gills and lungs; describe the two parts of a frog’s nervous system; differentiate between a sensory receptor and a sensory organ; differentiate between central and peripheral nervous systems, and between cranial and spinal nerves; list hormone- controlled processes in animals; identify the structures of a vertebrate’s digestive system and describe their functions; explain the key role of the urethra, urine, urinary bladder, kidneys, and ureters in the excretory systems.

2. Vertebrates What 3 main characteristics do animals in the vertebrate group share? What 3 main characteristics do animals in the vertebrate group share? Vertebrae Vertebrae Skulls Skulls Skeletons that are alive Skeletons that are alive Endoskeleton Endoskeleton Made of a combination of bone and cartilage and are inside the body Made of a combination of bone and cartilage and are inside the body Vertebral column Vertebral column A series of similar bones that support and protect the body and spinal cord A series of similar bones that support and protect the body and spinal cord Skull Skull Covers and protects the brain Covers and protects the brain

3. Circulatory Systems What are some things that blood cells transport? What are some things that blood cells transport? Oxygen Oxygen Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide Waste Waste Food Food Chemicals Chemicals Oxygenated blood Oxygenated blood Carries oxygen Carries oxygen Deoxygenated blood Deoxygenated blood Takes on carbon dioxide Takes on carbon dioxide

4. Heart Chambers Describe circulation in the heart. Describe circulation in the heart. Chambers, made of muscle, contract to force out blood. One way valves prevent it from going back into the chamber it left, pumping blood in only one direction. Arteries carry the blood away from the heart and it is returned by veins. Chambers, made of muscle, contract to force out blood. One way valves prevent it from going back into the chamber it left, pumping blood in only one direction. Arteries carry the blood away from the heart and it is returned by veins. List an animal with a 2 chambered heart and describe how it works. List an animal with a 2 chambered heart and describe how it works. Fish Fish One chamber receives blood the other pumps it back out. One chamber receives blood the other pumps it back out.

5. Heart Chambers List an animal with a 3 chambered heart and describe how it works. List an animal with a 3 chambered heart and describe how it works. Reptiles and amphibians Reptiles and amphibians One chamber collects oxygenated blood while another collects deoxygenated blood. Both of them empty into a third chamber where the blood is mixed One chamber collects oxygenated blood while another collects deoxygenated blood. Both of them empty into a third chamber where the blood is mixed List an animal with a 4 chambered heart and describe how it works. List an animal with a 4 chambered heart and describe how it works. Birds and mammals Birds and mammals 2 chambers on one side pump only oxygenated blood while the other 2 pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs for a refill 2 chambers on one side pump only oxygenated blood while the other 2 pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs for a refill

6. Facets of Zoology: Biomimicry: Borrowing Ideas from the Creator How have animals helped man create technology? How have animals helped man create technology? Biomimicry refers to studying living things to discover better solutions to problems. Biomimicry refers to studying living things to discover better solutions to problems. Da Vinci and the Wright brothers studied birds to perfect his flying machines. Da Vinci and the Wright brothers studied birds to perfect his flying machines. Today’s submarines are based on designs of marine mammals and fish. Today’s submarines are based on designs of marine mammals and fish. Echolocation is based on the ability of bats. Echolocation is based on the ability of bats.

7. Respiratory Systems Gills Gills Take oxygen from water and give off carbon dioxide Take oxygen from water and give off carbon dioxide Lungs Lungs Air chambers inside and animals body were blood can obtain oxygen and give off carbon dioxide Air chambers inside and animals body were blood can obtain oxygen and give off carbon dioxide How is respiration different in gills and lungs? How is respiration different in gills and lungs?

8. Respiratory System Diaphragm Diaphragm Thin layer of muscle that separates the chest chamber from the abdomen. Thin layer of muscle that separates the chest chamber from the abdomen.

9. Nervous System Central nervous system Central nervous system Made up of the brain and the spinal cord Made up of the brain and the spinal cord Peripheral nervous system Peripheral nervous system Made up of nerves and sensory receptors, and sensory organs Made up of nerves and sensory receptors, and sensory organs What is the difference between sensory receptors and sensory organs? What is the difference between sensory receptors and sensory organs? Receptors are scattered throughout the body, a sensory organ is a collection of the receptors that normally only senses one factor Receptors are scattered throughout the body, a sensory organ is a collection of the receptors that normally only senses one factor

10. Nervous System What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system? What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system? The peripheral system receives the impulse or stimuli and transports it through the nerves to the central nervous system which controls the response. The peripheral system receives the impulse or stimuli and transports it through the nerves to the central nervous system which controls the response.

11. Hormones in Animals What are some processes that hormones control? What are some processes that hormones control? Metamorphosis in arthropods and amphibians Metamorphosis in arthropods and amphibians Growth Growth Help digestive system function Help digestive system function Aid in reproduction Aid in reproduction Trigger hibernation or migration Trigger hibernation or migration Aid in emergency/high stress situations Aid in emergency/high stress situations

12. Digestive System Stomach Stomach Squeezes the food to mix it with digestive enzymes Squeezes the food to mix it with digestive enzymes Small intestine Small intestine Enzymes chemically digest different foods, enough that it can absorbed into the bloodstream Enzymes chemically digest different foods, enough that it can absorbed into the bloodstream Liver Liver Produces bile that breaks down fats Produces bile that breaks down fats Pancreas Pancreas Smaller organ that makes enzymes and releases them into the small intestine. These enzymes break down sugars, proteins, and fats Smaller organ that makes enzymes and releases them into the small intestine. These enzymes break down sugars, proteins, and fats Large intestine Large intestine Food that cannot be digested passes through here to exit the body Food that cannot be digested passes through here to exit the body

13. Excretory System Kidneys Kidneys Filter waste from the blood Filter waste from the blood Ureter Ureter Tubes in kidneys that waste flows through Tubes in kidneys that waste flows through Urinary bladder Urinary bladder Stores urine (waste) before being expelled from the body Stores urine (waste) before being expelled from the body