1. Introduction to Phylum Chordata
Includes 3 subphylum:
Urochordata, the tunicates
Cephalochordata, the lancelets
Vertebrata, the vertebrates

2. Phylum Chordata
To be classified as a chordate, an animal must have 4 key characteristics:
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Develops from the ectoderm
Notochord
Long supporting rod
Develops in the backbone in vertebrate chordates
Pharyngeal pouches
Slits develop into gills or pharynx
Tail extends beyond the anus

3. Subphylum Urochordata
These are invertebrates
Do not have a backbone but have a notochord
These include tunicates (sea squirts).
Soft-bodied marine organisms
Filter-feeders

4. Subphylum Cephalochordata
These are invertebrates
This subphylum includes the lancelets
Live on sandy ocean bottom
Filter-feeders
Defined head region and a mouth
Closed circulatory system; no true heart
Fishlike motion

5. Subphylum Vertebrata
Notochord is replaced with a backbone or vertebrae – bone or cartilage that surround and protect the nerve cord.
Includes sharks, bony fishes, amphibians, birds, and mammals
Stop for Animal Activity

6. Subphylum Vertebrata Notes
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7. Class Agnatha: Jawless
Lack true jaws
Snakelike bodies
Skeleton of cartilage
Smooth skin with scales
Ectothermic and oviparous
Includes Lampreys and Hagfish

8. Class Agnatha: Lamprey

9. Class Agnatha: Lamprey

10. Class Agnatha: Hagfish

11. Class Agnatha: Hagfish

12. Class Chondrichthyes: Cartilaginous Fishes
Skeleton made of cartilage
Hinged jaw, paired fins, toothlike scales cover body
Ectothermic
Some are oviparous, most are ovoviviparous
Includes sharks, rays, and skates

13. Class Chondrichthyes: Sawfish

14. Class Chondrichthyes: Blue-spotted Ray

15. Class Chondrichthyes: Brown shark

16. Class Chondrichthyes: Whale shark

17. Class Osteichthyes: Bony Fishes
Skeleton of bone
Hinged jaws, paired fins
Overlapping scales
Air bladder
Ectothermic
Oviparous
Including salmon, trout, perch, carp and eels

18. Class Osteichthyes: Hippo tang

19. Osteichthyes: Lungfish

20. Osteichthyes: Common Dolphifish

21. Osteichthyes: Yellow perch

22. Class Amphibia: Soft eggs
Moist thin skin, No scales
Four limbs
If present, feet lack claws are often webbed
Most undergo metamorphosis
Most use gills, lungs and skin for respiration
3-chambered heart
Oviparous: eggs most remain moist
Ectothermic

23. Class Amphibia: Tadpole

24. Class Amphibia: Eastern Tiger salamander

25. Class Amphibia: Northern Cricket Frog

26. Class Amphibia: Green Climbing Toad

27. Class Reptilia: Amniotic egg
Dry skin and a scale covered body
Four limbs (except snakes)
Live and reproduce on land
Amniotic eggs (eggs that contain layers of specialized membranes)
Lungs and a 3-chambered heart with a partially divided ventricle
Ectothermic
Most are oviparous but some are ovoviviparous (python snakes and garter snakes)

28. Class Reptilia: Black Mamba

29. Class Reptilia: Komodo Dragon

30. Class Reptilia: Albino Chinese Soft-shelled turtle

31. Class Reptilia: American Crocodile

32. Class Reptilia: American Alligator

33. Class Aves: Wings/Feathers
Birds that have wings and feathers
Feathers are essential for flight and insulation
Forelimbs are modified into pair of wings
Lightweight rigid skeleton
Endothermic; rapid metabolism allows for flight
Lungs associated with air sacs
All oviparous
4-chambered heart needed for flight

34. Class Aves: Ostrich

35. Class Mammalia: Produce milk
Placental development and mammary glands that produce milk
Hair or fur
Endothermic
4 chambered heart
Most are viviparous

36. Class Mammalia: Platypus

37. Class Mammalia: Vampire bat

38. Class Mammalia: Sperm whale

39. Class Mammalia: White-tailed Deer (fawn)