1. the Animal kingdom
A Summary of Chapters 26-34

2. What is an animal? Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic
Heterotrophs
No cell walls

3. Animal Evolution Complex animals High levels of cell specialization
Internal body organization
Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization
Body cavity

4. Sponges Multicellular Heterotrophic Lack cell walls
But contain few specialized cells
Water flow provides a simple mechanism for feeding, respiration, circulation, and excretion.

5. Cnidarians
Soft-bodied, carnivorous animals with stinging tentacles around the mouth
nematocysts
Simplest animal with both symmetry and specialized tissues
Life stages are polyp and medusa
Include jellyfish, hydra, sea anemones, & corals

7. Flatworms
Soft, flattened worms with tissues and internal organ systems
No body cavity
coelom
Simplest animals to have three embryonic germ layers, bi-symmetry, and cephalization
Most are hermaphrodites

8. Tubellarians, Flukes, and Tapeworms

9. Roundworms
Unsegmented worms with pseudocoelems and digestive systems with a mouth and an anus

10. Annelids
Worms with segmented bodies and a true coelom lined with mesoderm
Include earthworms, leeches (external parasites), and polychaetes (marine)

11. Mollusks Soft-bodies with an internal or external shell Body Plan
Foot, mantle, shell, and a visceral mass
Gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods

12. Types of Mollusks Gastropods Bivalves Cephalopods
Shell-less or single shelled
Move using a muscular foot
Bivalves
Two shells held together by powerful muscle(s)
Cephalopods
Soft-bodied
Head attached to foot and tentacles
Most active mollusks

13. Arthropods Segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages
Evolution has led to fewer segments and highly specialized appendages.
Classified by the number and structure of segments and appendages.

14. Arthropods Molting occurs as they outgrow their exoskeletons
Vulnerablity increases at this time

15. Crustaceans Two pairs of antennae 2-3 body sections
Mandibles- chewing mouth parts

16. Chelicerates Mouthparts called chelicerae- fangs 2 body sections
4 pairs of walking legs

17. Uniramians
Jaws
One pair of antennae
Unbranched appendages

18. Insects Body divided into 3 parts- head, thorax, abdomen
3 pairs of legs attached to thorax
Undergo metamorphosis
Can have complex “societies”

19. Echinoderms Spiny skin Internal skeleton Water vascular system
Respiration, circulation, and movement
Tube feet
suction-cups
Five part radial symmetry (adults)

20. Chordates
Have a hollow nerve cord; a notochord; pharyngeal pouches; and a tail for at least part of its life
There are only 2 groups of non- vertebrate chordates
Lancelets
Tunicates

21. Fishes Aquatic vertebrates with fins, scales, and gills Jawless fish
Cartilaginous fish
Bony fish

22. Amphibians Lives in water as a larva and land as an adult Moist skin
Lacks scales and claws
Include salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians

23. Reptiles Scaly skin, lungs, and soft eggs Exothermic
Includes lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and tuatara

24. Birds Reptile-like animals that are endothermic
Feathers, two legs with scales, and front limbs modified for flight
Many features allow them to fly
Feathers, lightweight bones, strong chest muscles

25. Mammals Hair Breathe air Produce milk 4-chambered hearts Endotherms
Complex organ systems that maintain homeostasis

26. Mammal Diversity Monotremes- lay eggs
Marsupials- bear live, underdeveloped young which mature in pouches
Placentals- bear live more mature young

27. Animal Behavior
COMING SOON!