1. 20803820 English for Computer Science Lecture 13

2. Writing in Steps (3)  Beginning and Ending Paragraphs  One Paragraph, One Body  Writing Coherent Paragraphs  Writing Practice

3. Beginning and Ending Paragraphs  A good beginning is half the battle. Consider your words, sentences, and ideas carefully.  The ending paragraph follows logically from the body paragraphs and completes your thoughts.

4. Beginning and Ending Paragraphs  Examples of beginning *Let’s talk about evolutionary computation. It was a king of artificial intelligence and many people are interested. The technology has been developed for many years, mainly optimization. We survey some of them and given references in this work. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in evolutionary computation, which is a subfield of artificial intelligence that involves continuous optimization and combinatorial optimization problems. This paper surveys the mainstream technology and provides references to help beginners start.

5. Beginning and Ending Paragraphs  Examples of ending *There exist other popular technology and applications of evolutionary computation. But we have listed most of the important. In my opinion, this field will grow faster and become better in the future. All the possibilities that evolutionary computation offers, together with the extensive application it has in the real world, make it an interesting field to conduct research into, and this survey provides a good point to start with in order to acquire a general overview of all the main issues with respect to it. All the possibilities that evolutionary computation offers, together with the extensive application it has in the real world, make it an interesting field to conduct research into, and this survey provides a good point to start with in order to acquire a general overview of all the main issues with respect to it.

6. In-Class Exercise  Rewrite the following beginning paragraph in order to make it better.  We all know humans feelings are important. We laugh, we cry, we are sad, we are happy. Can computers have feelings? We don’t know. But recently we are able to detect feelings or sentiments automatically. Sentiment analysis has many applications. This work reports a hybrid method of detecting positive and negative sentiments in Chinese text.

7. One Paragraph, One Body  The thoughts in your paper are organized in paragraphs. Each paragraph should stand on its own.  A good English paragraph should possess a central theme, which is either implied or expressed by a topic sentence.

8. One Paragraph, One Body  Example Computational thinking builds on the power and limits of computing processes, whether they are executed by a human or by a machine. Computational methods and models give us the courage to solve problems and design systems that no one of us would be capable of tackling alone. Computational thinking confronts the riddle of machine intelligence: What can humans do better than computers? And What can computers do better than humans? Most fundamentally it addresses the question: What is computable? Today, we know only parts of the answers to such questions. Computational thinking builds on the power and limits of computing processes, whether they are executed by a human or by a machine. Computational methods and models give us the courage to solve problems and design systems that no one of us would be capable of tackling alone. Computational thinking confronts the riddle of machine intelligence: What can humans do better than computers? And What can computers do better than humans? Most fundamentally it addresses the question: What is computable? Today, we know only parts of the answers to such questions.

9. Writing Coherent Paragraphs  In a paragraph, all sentences are required to be organized and associate with each other.  To make the paragraph coherent, some natural orders and logical relations are required.

10. Writing Coherent Paragraphs Type Examples CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER earlier, former, previous, preceding,already, as yet, before, first, formerly, previously, so far, before that, until now, contemporary, simultaneous, meantime, meanwhile, now, presently, simultaneously, at present, at this point, in the meantime, following, later, next, afterwards, after that, immediately, later, next, since, then, since then SPATIAL ORDER above, across, from, adjacent to, around, before, below, beneath, close do, down, in front of, in the distance, nearby, next to, on the left, on the right, opposite, on top of, over, under, up ILLUSTRATION first and foremost, first and most important, in the first place, most important(ly) of all, to begin with, for a start, next, then, finally, to conclude, I will conclude by saying, I want to make one final point EXEMPLIFICATION for example, for instance, in particular, in other words, namely, particularly, specifically, that is EXTENSION and then, besides, equally, further, furthermore, in addition, in like manner, in the same way, likewise, moreover, similarly INFERENCE for that reason, in other words, in that case, if so…, it implies …, then, therefore CONCLUSION in brief, in conclusion, in short, to conclude, to sum up, I shall conclude (sum up) by saying

11. Writing Practice

12. “ ” Short sentences drawn from long experiences. See you next time. Miguel de Cervantes