1. 1 Review - Computing Basics n Key points: u Computer Hardware and Software. u Binary Number System u Networking Terminology F Networking F LANs F WANs u Bandwidth and Throughput

2. 2 n What are the major components of the PC? u CPU and Memory (RAM, ROM, CD ROM, Hard Disk). n Data in a computer flows through the ________? u Bus. n What are some additional expansion cards typically found in a PC? u NIC (LAN adapter), Video card, sound card, serial and parallel ports (for printer or other devices), mouse port. n Boot system programs will be found in _____? u ROM.

3. 3 n What provides the network communications capabilites? u NIC. n The type of NIC you use will depend on ____? u Type of network, type of media, type of system bus. n What slots or cards for a laptop are referred to as __________? u PCMCIA. n Where do you change the IP address in a Windows 95/98 PC? u Control Panel, Network option.

4. 4 n What language do browsers interpret? u HTML. n What’s a hyperlink? u Commands that point to another location. n What are plug-ins? u Special purpose software that used to display special or proprietary files in the browser.

5. 5 n What are networking protocols? u A formal set of rules and conventions that govern how devices communicate on the network. n In order for two devices to communicate, what must they use? u The same protocols. n What is networking media? u The physical material that carries the signals (the cabling).

6. 6 n What are examples of different networking media? u UTP, STP. Coax, Fiber. n What problems does networking address? u Avoiding duplication of equipment and resources; How to communicate efficiently; Network setup and management. n What was a major problem in the early development of networking? u Manufacturers developed their own specifications, leading to problems with compatibility with other manufacturers hardware and software.

7. 7 n What are properties of LANs? u Limited geographic area; High bandwidth media; Under a common administration; Full-time connectivity to local resources; Connects physically adjacent devices. n What are difference between a LAN and WAN? u WAN covers large geographic areas; Uses slower serial connections than LAN; Provides full-time or part-time connectivity. n What are some WAN technologies? u ISDN, DSL, Frame Relay, ATM, T1, E1, T3, E3, SONET.

8. 8 n What is a bit? u A binary character (digit), a 1 or 0. n How are the 1 and 0 typically represented? u 1: +5v (voltage); 0: 0v (no voltage). n What is bandwidth? u A measure of how much information can flow from one place to another in a given amount of time. n What is bandwidth measured in? u Bits per second. n What factors limit bandwidth? u Technology used; Laws of physics; Type of media; Type of service.

9. 9 n What’s the difference between bandwidth and throughput? u Bandwidth represent the theoretical limit on speed; throughput is the actual speed you get. The End