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Published byMelinda Richardson Modified over 9 years ago
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By: Cord Roberts
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Cycladic is a group of about 200 islands located east of the Greek mainland in the Southern Aegean Sea. Minoan culture began on the large island of Crete in about 700 B.C.. The Mycenaean Culture takes its name from the city Mycenae. The Trojans from 2990 B.C., had thick walls surrounding the City.
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In about 300 B.C. the Cycladic culture began on the 200 islands. Minoan, Historians named this culture in honor of Minos, the king of Crete in Greek mythology. By the 1500’s B.C. the Mycenaean’s had become the dominant culture in the area. The Trojans farmed, raised horses, and herded sheep.
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For hundreds of years the Greek City-States fought over land and trade. Beginning in the 500 B.C.’s, a common enemy brought the Greek people together for a time. During that century the Persians built a huge empire that included Assyria, Babylonia, Egypt, and the Greek City-states in Asia Minor. King Darius 1 turned his soldiers toward the Greek Mainland.
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All though the Persians had more soldiers, the well trained Athenians managed to defeat them. Legends about the battle tell of a messenger who ran all the way from Marathon to Athens to report the amazing victory. Athletes re-create this run in the marathon, a race that covers a distance that covers 26 miles.
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Athenians felt pride in their new leadership position after the defeat of the Persians. Pericles was a relative of Cleisthenes, the Athenians leader who had taken governing authority away from the aristocracy and given it the City-States assembly. In about 460 B.C. Pericles was elected as a leader in the Athenian Government. Over the next thirty years, he made many important change to the government.
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He introduced pay for public officials. In 457 B.C. Pericles gave male citizens of any class the right to hold nearly any government office. He believed that every male citizen, not just wealthy citizens, had a right to take part in government.
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Pericles was a patron, or supporter, of learning and the arts. He hired the best architects and artists to build and decorate temples- such as the Parthenon- theaters, and other public buildings. Pericles also supported writers, such as Herodotus, an early historian. Herodotus explained that he wrote a history of the Persian Wars to record ”the astonishing achievements of our own and of other peoples.
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Even today many people still read the works of Herodotus and of other writers of the Golden Age. Sophocles wrote tragedies, or serious plays with unhappy endings. Aristophanes chose to write comedies, or plays designed to make audiences laugh. During the Golden Age, scientists studied nature and human life.
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Pericles wanted to make Athens not only “the school of Greece” but also its most powerful city-state. To do this, soldiers were sent to conquer lands in Egypt. Athens also forced its allies from the Delian League to tribute as the price for peace and protection. Sparta feared the growing power of Athens and broke off friendly relations.
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In 431 B.C. Sparta and its allies in the Peloponnesian League went to war against Athens and its Allies. This marked the beginning of the Peloponnesian War. In 430 B.C. the plague, a deadly disease, broke out and spread quickly through the city. Many people died, including one-fourth of the Athenian Army and Pericles himself.
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The development of Classical Greek civilization began with the rise of city-states. City-States were formed as people living in neighboring villages joined together to protect themselves from outside dangers. Many of the groups built walled forts for safety during enemy attacks Each fort was usually built on a hilltop (acropolis).
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After the Pelopponnesian war there were still many great thinkers and teachers in Athens. They were called philosophers which means “lovers of wisdom” in Greek. There were 3 philosophers in Greek including-Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates called himself the city’s gadfly” an insect that bites horses and makes them jump”.
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Plato the student of Socrates, believed you could become a good ruler by studying hard and by loving wisdom. Aristotle Plato’s student, studied in Plato’s Academy For about 20 years.
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The city-state of Athens was located on Attica, a part of the Balkan Peninsula northeast of the Peloponnesus. After the Dark Age, Athens was ruled by an aristocracy, or a small group of leaders from wealthy landowning families. Solon the King of Athens, divided the people of Athens into classes based on wealth instead of birth. Athens was the first democracy of the world.
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The city-state of Sparta, however, had an inland location on the Peloponnesian Peninsula. It’s inland location caused Sparta to develop a military economy. People in Sparta led simple lives of hard work and physical activity. Spartan society was made up of three classes.
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MAKING OF A EMPORER Alexander was born in 356 B.C, in Macedonia Both of his parents wanted to pass their son the love of Greek culture. They hired a Greek philosopher named Aristotle. Like his teacher, Alexander was interested in many subjects.
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BUILDING OF AN EMPIRE With the Greek city-states under his control, Alexander turned to completing his fathers plan to attack the Persians. Alexander led an army of 35,000 soldiers form southern Europe to Asia Minor to attack the Persian Empire. He captured 4 Empires including : Chaeronea, most of the Greek Peninsula, Granicus, Gordium, Gaugamela, and Persepolis.
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END OF THE GOLDEN AGE Alexander the Great ruled a wide area, but he wanted still more land. Alexander led his army east from Persia into Bactria. Alexander married the Bactria princess Roxanne. Alexander and his army were on the move again.
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HIS LEGACY Alexander the Great and his army came into contact with many different cultures. Alexander’s rule and period of Alexander’s rule and several centuries after his death are known as the Hellenistic, or “Greek-like,” Age. Like the Golden Age, the Hellenistic Age was a time of achievement in Greek Civilization.
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