1. Wednesday September 2nd Bell Work: Define the following vocabulary words 1. Cell: 2. Diffusion: 3. Passive transport: 4. Active transport: 5. Hypotonic: 6. Plasma membrane: 7. Isotonic: 8. Hypertonic: 9. Osmosis: 10. Organelles:

2. Tuesday September 1 st Bellwork: Unit 3 Cells 1. Cell: 2. Diffusion: 3. Passive transport: 4. Active transport: 5. Hypotonic: basic, living, structural and functional unit of the body Solutes (solids) moving from a high concentration to a low concentration Substances move from an area of high concentration to low concentration WITHOUT ENERGY Substances move across the plasma membrane, against a concentration gradient The solution outside the cell has a lower solute concentration than inside the cell

3. Tuesday September 1 st Bellwork: Unit 3 Cells Boundary of the cell, is selectively permeable and made up of a phospholipid bilayer Concentration of solutes is equal inside and outside the cell The solution outside the cell has a higher solute concentration than inside the cell WATER The solution outside the cell has a higher solute concentration than inside the cell 5. Plasma membrane: 6. Isotonic: 7. Hypertonic: 8. Osmosis: 9. Organelles:

4. Tuesday September 1 st Announcements Announcements 1. Exam scores are posted. Class average was 70% 2. If you need to make up the exam you have till conference Wednesday

5. Chapter 3: Cells 3.1: Plasma Membrane

6. The Plasma Membrane  Cell: the basic, living, structural and functional unit of the body  Plasma Membrane: same as the cell membrane  boundary between the inside and the outside of the cell  crucial in maintaining the cell’s homeostasis  composed of phospholipids and proteins

7. Structure of the Plasma Membrane  Plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer  phospholipid = Fat  bilayer = 2 layers  Phospholipids contain a head and a tail  heads: are hydrophilic (water loving) and are attracted to water inside and outside the cell  Tails: are hydrophobic (water hating), tails point to the middle of the plasma membrane

8. Structure of the Plasma Membrane  Plasma membrane is selectively permeable  Chooses what is allowed in and out of the cell  Plasma membrane has proteins embedded into it which can carry materials in and out of the cell

9. Biological Molecules Video (IF WE HAVE TIME)  In Da Club: Crash Course #5#5  Answer the questions on your note taker which go along with this video. These questions are all possible exam questions.

10. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane  Substances move through the plasma membrane via passive transport or active transport

11. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane  Passive Transport  Substances move down a concentration gradient WITHOUT ENERGY  Diffusion: particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Diffusion  Passive Process

12. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane  Passive Transport  Osmosis: passive process where WATER moves through the selectively permeable membrane. Osmosis  Water moves from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration  (or from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration)

13. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane  Passive Transport  Osmosis  cell volume remains constant in a healthy body  cells DON’T shrink because of water loss due to osmosis  cells DON’T explode because of water gain due to osmosis  putting cells in certain solutions however can change cell volume

14. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane  Passive Transport: Osmosis cell maintains its normal shape  Isotonic solutions: solution where the concentration of solutes is the same on both sides   Hypotonic solutions:  solution has a lower solute concentration (higher water) than the inside of the cell water enters the cell faster than it leaves cell swells and explodes  Hypertonic solutions:  solution has a higher solute concentration (lower water) than the inside of the cell water exists the cell faster than it enters cell shrinks

15. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane  Active Transport  Substances move across the plasma membrane, against a concentration gradient  area of low concentration to an area of high concentration (opposite of passive transport)  Requires ENERGY in the form of ATP  Substances that move across the membrane by active transport are mostly ions  Na +, K +, H +, Ca 2+, I -, Cl -

16. Check For Understanding 1 1. The fluid outside of the cell contains more solutes than the fluid inside the cell 2. Type of fat which makes up the plasma membrane 3. When a cell only allows certain things in and out of it 4. The fluid inside the cell contains the same amount of solutes as outside the cell 5. Passive process where water moves from high water concentration to low water concentration 6. Explain diffusion, in terms of solute concentrations 7. Process which involves ATP

17. Chapter 3: Cells 3.2: Cytoplasm

18. Cytoplasm  Cytoplasm: contains all of the cellular contents of the cell, including organelles and the cytosol  Cytosol:  surrounds the organelles  usually 75-90% water  Organelles: fluid portion of the cytoplasm specialized cell structures with specific shapes and specific functions

19. Cytoplasm  Organelles:  Cytoskeleton: composed of protein filaments   Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis  Maintains shape and organization of cellular components Responsible for cell movement Found floating freely in the cytosol or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

20. Cytoplasm  Organelles:  Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER): network of folded membranes  Rough ER:  synthesizes secretory proteins and phospholipids  Smooth ER:  synthesizes fatty acids and steroids (estrogen, testosterone)  releases glucose into the bloodstream  stores calcium (Ca 2+ ) ions for muscle contraction studded with ribosomes, attached to the nuclear membrane lacks ribosomes, extends from the rough ER

22. Cytoplasm  Organelles:  Golgi Complex(Apparatus): flat membranous sacs, piled on top of one another   Lysosomes: vesicle formed from Golgi complex  accepts proteins from the Rough ER stores, packages and exports proteins contains digestive enzymes digests worn-out organelles and extracellular materials

23. Cytoplasm  Organelles:  Mitochondria: “Powerhouse” of the cell   inner membrane which is arranged in folds called cristae  site of ATP production consist of 2 membranes smooth outer membrane Matrix: fluid filled cavity in-between the inner membrane and the cristae

24. Cytoplasm  Organelles:  Nucleus: most important part of the cell   your hereditary units   each body cell has 46 chromosomes  Controls cellular structure and most cellular functions Contains your genes genes are arranged as chromosomes 23 from each parent

25. Check For Understanding 2 1. Contains all of the cellular contents of the cell 2. Stores, packages and exports proteins 3. Contains all of your genes 4. Synthesizes fatty acids and steroids 5. Known as the powerhouse of the cell 6. Digest worn-out organelles and extracellular material 7. Synthesizes secretory proteins and phospholipids 8. Maintains the cell shape and helps with cell movement 9. Specialized cell structures with specific shapes and functions 10. Site of protein synthesis