1. NURSING
THE OLDEST OF ARTS

2. The youngest
profession

3. Encircles the
Globe F L O R E N C
Nightingale

4. Early days at Xiangya School of Nursing

5. A century of excellence
Xiangya
Nursing

6. 21st Century: Evidence-based Practice
Use of the best available
evidence to guide clinical
decision making

7. Where do we find the “best available” evidence?
Clinical knowledge
Opinions of respected authorities
Reports of expert committees
Guidelines for best practices
Original research

8. Evidence Based Practice
Levels of evidence
Gold standard: Randomized controlled trials
Clinical guidelines and pathways
Discipline specific
Condition specific

9. Implementing Evidence-Based Practice
Search for best evidence for practice problem
Use existing evidence-based guideline
Assess cost/benefit ratio of guideline
Use guideline in practice
Measure outcomes from guideline
Extend use of guideline to other practice settings

10. Florence Nightingale Her Crimean War Work (1853-56)
Scientific
Compassionate
Organized investigations
Observational studies
Interventions
Evaluation
Reduced mortality from 43% to 2%.

11. Nursing Scholarship Solving a problem, answering a clinical question
Systematic search for information
Critical evaluation
Synthesis

12. Nursing Research
A scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences nursing practice.
Solving a problem for a category of patients rather than for just one patient.
A diligent and systematic inquiry
An organized investigation

13. Why conduct nursing research?
“. . . Before one does any research in nursing practice, he must believe that nursing is important… If nursing has nothing to offer patients, why bother [to study it]?” (Diers, 1970)

14. Research Is answering a question for many patients instead of one
Can be transmitted, shared
Moves knowledge from individual to collective
Describes, explains, predicts
Allows us to improve practice

15. Research contributes to practice
Describing
Explaining
Predicting
Intervening

16. With Research, we can: Improve care Influence policy (with data)
Shape our profession
Make an impact

17. Research Strengthens your professional voice. Allows you to be heard
Allows you to participate in shaping the health care system
Allows you to influence the environment where you deliver care

18. Focus research question Study design and sampling
The Research Cycle
Pick Topic
Act
Focus research question
Report Results
Study design and sampling
Analyze Data
Collect Data

19. Cognitive Effects
Research modifies our way of thinking or perception by:
improving understanding of a situation
allowing analysis of practice dynamics
expanding problem solving skills for clinical problems

20. Intervention Research
Study of effectiveness of interventions in achieving desired outcomes in a natural setting.
Interventions: treatments, therapies, procedures, or actions implemented by the nurse to or with patients to achieve positive health outcomes

21. Outcomes Research Outcomes of Patient, Provider, & Health Care System
Outcomes used to develop Policy
Change Practice based on Research

22. Knowledge Utilization
The process of disseminating & using research-generated information to make an impact on or change in the existing practices in society.

23. Time Lag
Definition: The period of time between completing the research & changing practice.

24. MOVING INTO THE 21st Century
What are the critical questions for nursing?
Who will answer them?
Nurses can build the bridge between practice and policy.

25. Collaborations in Research
Working together
Answering questions
Improving care

26. It’s a small world.
Nursing research is
relevant
around the globe.

27. ATHENA to Ai Sheng Nuo Reaching around the Globe Nurses working together to help patients take lifesaving medication

28. The community will be involved.

29. Research teams will be multidisciplinary.

30. 谢谢大家!