1. 24 September 2003 Internet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal Communications Ben Teitelbaum Dennis Baron Jeremy George

2. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Internet Who? Elevator Explanation Internet2's mission is to develop and deploy advanced network applications and technologies, accelerating the creation of tomorrows Internet Who we really are Membership organization of 200+ US research universities Parent 501.3c (UCAID) has board of university presidents Project supported by numerous partnerships (government, industry, international) Goals Enable new generation of applications Re-create leading edge R&E network capability Transfer capability to global production internet

3. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Internet2 Focus Areas Advanced Network Infrastructure 10 GB Abilene backbone Advanced regional networks 100 MB to the desktop National fiber-optic facility Middleware Directories Authentication Authorization Call routing Engineering Multicast IPv6 Measurement Gigabit+ file transfer Advanced Applications Tele-immersion Remote instrumentation Distributed computation Virtual laboratories Distributed learning Digital video VoIP Integrated Communications

4. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Outline Better Voice Through IP A Look Back Over Our Shoulders Connectivity is Key What Internet2 Brings to the Table Some Guiding Principles New Internet2 Voice Activities

5. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu The Opportunity Voice is the primary means of real-time human communication Has been and will be a killer app for a long time Per-capita, daily US land-line use: 45 minutes Per-capita, daily US wireless use: 16 minutes Overall, per-capita minutes continue to grow Not high bandwidth, but very high value per bit Lets make it better!

6. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Better Voice Through IP VoIP opens many opportunities Potential dimensions of improvement Fidelity Privacy Addressing Mobility Integration with other media Survivability Presence

7. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu So What Will the Future Look Like? Although there are many potentially fruitful directions for voice… … we have no idea what the future holds! Q: How can we nurture innovative new IP voice applications? Before answering this question, its useful to consider the history of earlier communications technologies…

8. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Early History of the Telephone For the first 30 years of the telephone, promoters struggled to identify the killer application that would promote its wide adoption by home owners and businesses. At first the telephone was promoted as a replacement for the telegraph, allowing businesses to send messages more easily and without an operator. Telephone promoters in the early years touted the telephone as a new service to broadcast news, concerts, church services, weather reports, etc. Industry journals publicized inventive uses of the telephone such as sales by telephone, consulting with doctors, ordering groceries over the telephone, listening to school lectures and even long distance Christian Science healing! The concept that someone would buy the telephone to chat was simply inconceivable at that time. Bill St Arnauds summary of C. Fischers book America Calling

9. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Other Earlier Communications Technologies Email The popularity of email was not foreseen by the ARPANET's planners. Roberts had not included electronic mail in the original blueprint for the network. In fact, in 1967 he had called the ability to send messages between users not an important motivation for a network of scientific computers.... Why then was the popularity of email such a surprise? One answer is that it represented a radical shift in the ARPANET's identity and purpose. The rationale for building the network had focused on providing access to computers rather than to people. J. Abbate, Inventing the Internet Peer-to-peer file sharing Again, not foreseen Internet2 connectivity + directory services (Napster, etc.)

10. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu And the Moral Is… Business and technology leaders… …have a poor track record of predicting how new communications technologies will be used …tend to underestimate social or seemingly frivolous uses of new technologies and overestimate the importance of content Users are highly motivated to communicate with each other, if only they can connect

11. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Connectivity is Key! Network connectivity Can connections be established between communicating IP addresses with high-performance and high-availability? Application connectivity Do devices and applications have good network connectivity? Are there protocols and call routing infrastructure to establish connections between communing applications? User connectivity Can I reach you? Address Presence Address Presence Application Connectivity Network Connectivity Application (call and presence routing) (high-performance, end-to-end IP transit) User

12. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu What Internet2 Brings to the Table Eager adopters ~4 million students Strong institutional commitments to advance IP communications and promote collaborative apps Connectivity Great networking connectivity –High-bandwidth, low-loss, low-jitter –End-to-end transparency (few NATs) –IPv6 and multicast too! We are committed to advancing higher-level connectivity 26% of college students use IM (twice the rate of average Internet users) * * The Internet Goes to College, Pew Internet and American Life Project report, Sept. 2002.

13. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Internet2 Voice: Guiding Principles Voice Can Be Advanced Many ways to make voice better – fidelity, privacy, addressing, mobility, survivability, presence Internet2 VoIP is not about cheap phone calls! Connectivity First, New Services Later Innovation occurs at the edge, but requires connectivity Good network connectivity not sufficient Also need application-layer connectivity and (ultimately) user-layer connectivity We are looking for purple paths in the snow!

14. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Several New Internet2 Activities SIP.edu Leader: Dennis Baron Voice survivability Leader: Chris Peabody Presence and Integrated Communications WG Chair: Jeremy George

15. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Better Voice Through IP: Addressing Addressing Users should not be burdened with device addresses, when its people they really care about Addresses should be mnemonic and empower enterprises to manage the identities of their users –sip:ben@internet2.edu Its time to put E.164 phone numbers behind us! A.G. Bell did not say: +1-617-637-8562, come here. I need you!

16. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu SIP.edu Goals Grow SIP connectivity in Internet2 Increase value proposition for end-user SIP adoption Promote convergence of voice and email identity Low entry-cost means for campuses to... –Provide a useful service –Get their feet wet with SIP Means Publishing cookbook with several alternative recipes Obtaining corporate sponsorship and promotional pricing

17. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu SIP Proxy DNS SIP-PBX Gateway PBX INVITE (sip:bob@bigu.edu) INVITE (sip:12345@gw.bigu.edu) DNS SRV query sip.udp.bigu.edu telephoneNumber where mail=bob PRI / CAS bigu.edu Campus Directory SIP User Agent Bob's Phone SIP.edu Architecture (Phase 1)

18. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu DNS INVITE (sip:bob@bigu.edu) DNS SRV query sip.udp.bigu.edu bigu.edu SIP User Agent SIP.edu Architecture (Phase 2) location DB If Bob has registered, ring his SIP phone; Else, call his extension through the PBX. REGISTER (Contact: 207.75.164.131) INVITE (sip:bob@207.75.164.131) SIP Proxy SIP Registrar Bob's SIP Phone

19. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Better Voice Through IP: Survivability Survivability PSTN and Internet each have strengths and weaknesses Internet allows for gradual degradation of voice quality, rather than call blocking, which is what you want in an emergency Combining VoIP and PSTN results in better voice survivability than either architecture alone PSTNInternet Reliable QoS (once connected) Reliable hardware Impervious to DoS attack Network routes around failure Packet-level call multiplexing Adaptive, loss tolerant codecs Strengths CO is single point of failure Local loop single point of failure Open to internal attack Mileage may vary (no QoS) Weaknesses

20. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Voice Survivability Broadsoft/PAETEC/Georgetown Trial SIP-based voice disaster recovery trial Emergency phones on GU campus Redundant Broadworks server nodes Redundant PAETEC gateways in separate COs Voice survivability and disaster recovery is increasingly a big deal for Internet2 schools Other projects in this area are anticipated

21. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu PaeTecPSTN Disaster Recovery Architecture NoXMAX Texas A&M Internet2 Massachusetts Gateway Virginia Gateway DC SIP Servers Texas SIP Servers Disaster Recovery PhonesPSTN Phones SS7

22. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Better Voice Through IP: Presence Presence Notification of events that facilitate communication (Henning Schulzrinne) –On-line, Away, Idle, On phone, Out to lunch,... Back to the future –Remember: finger, write, who ? –Presence restores the sense of community that existed on timesharing systems Forward to the future –New standards for interoperability and scalability –User-controlled policies to provide custom views to watchers –Richer state semantics and automatic triggers

23. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Rich Presence Automatic notification from many sources… Location beacons Facial recognition systems Phones Calendar … Not all watchers are human Software agents may watch presence and route/initiate calls appropriately (e.g. below) Watch and initiate a voice conference when everyone is available

24. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Presence as Glue presence text --------------------- image ------------------- voice email instant messaging directories calendaring video 3G cellular conferencing soft/hard phones voice mail

25. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Automated Location Services Location Beacons – may be 802.11 irda bluetooth Report to a central server May be published – via a web portal or pushed to UE

26. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Presence and Integrated Communications Newly chartered PIC working group Focus Presence Automated Location Services Integrated communications First-year Deliverables Rich Presence and Integrated Communications Demonstration (Internet2 Member Meeting, Fall 2003) Engineering and management-level tutorials (Spring 2004)

27. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu Conclusions Voice is the primary means of real time human communication There are many opportunities to make it better Important not to bet on any one Connectivity is key Internet2 is growing this connectivity and watching the paths in the snow

28. Inernet2, Connectivity, and Advanced Interpersonal CommunicationsFall VON 2003Boston, MA www.internet2.edu For More Information Voice Over IP Working Group http://voip.internet2.edu/ Presence and Integrated Communications WG http://pic.internet2.edu/ Great SIP tutorial http://www.iptel.org/sip/ Other sources J. Abbate, Inventing the Internet, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1999. C.S. Fischer, America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1992. A. Odlyzko, Content is Not King, First Monday, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2001.

29. www.internet2.edu