1. Gas Waste Utilization

2. Outline 1. Overview Gas Waste Treatments 2.Elemental Sulfur Recovery 3. Liquid CO 2 from Bioethanol Plant

3. 1. Overview of Gas Waste Treatments

4. -may reduce quality - Increase cost Waste gas treatments Waste Gas Treatments Source control: a.Raw product substitution b.Reduction c.Recycle Secondary control: Treatment after it has been produced Choice of tech dictated by: -Economic -Ecological const.

5. Types of waste gas treatments a.Condensation b.Incineration c.Adsorption d.Absorption e.Membrane systems f.Biological Treatments

6. 2. Elemental Sulfur Recovery from Biogas Purification

7. 3. Liquid CO 2 from Bioethanol Plant

8. Ethanol Plant

9. ►America Case Study ►In 2005, 97 ethanol plants in 21 states produced a record 3.904 billion gallons of ethanol ►A bushel of corn weighs 56 pounds and will produce at least -> 2.8 gallons of ethanol -> 17 pounds of distillers grain -> 18 Pounds of CO 2

10. Co-Products. a.Distillers grain, used wet or dry, is a highly nutritious livestock feed.Distillers grain b.Carbon dioxide is given off in great quantities during fermentation and many ethanol plants collect, compress, and sell it for use in other industries.Carbon dioxide

11. ►Utilization ►Carbon dioxide is used to carbonate beverages, to manufacture dry ice, and to flash freeze meat. CO 2 is also used by paper mills and other food processors.

12. ►Utilization ►A project is underway in Kansas to use carbon dioxide to recover oil from marginal oil fields. Using this miscible CO2 flooding, carbon dioxide from a nearby ethanol plant is injected into oil-producing rocks about 3,000 feet underground. The carbon dioxide mixed with oil that has collected in hard-to-reach spots in the rock, forcing it into nearby production wells.

13. Thank You

14. Quiz 1.Jelaskan langkah pengolahan limbah cair secara umum! 2.Jelaskan 4 macam kolam secondary treetment limbah cair! 3.Jelaskan perbedaan biofilter, biosrubber dan biotrickling !