1. Zach Hawkins Kristen Heck Amy Klemm Amanda Streff

2. Urination, Micturition, Voiding  Process of disposing urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body  Process is under voluntary control  Main organs involved Urinary bladder Urethra

3. Urinary Bladder and Urethra  Detrusor muscles Smooth muscles of the bladder Innervated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves  Internal urethral sphincter Located at the proximal inferior end of the bladder, at the junction of the urethra with the bladder Smooth muscle Under involuntary control  External urethral sphincter Located at the distal inferior end of the bladder Skeletal muscle Under voluntary control  To void Detrusor muscles contract Relaxation of the sphincters Voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles

4. What is Urinary Incontinence?  Urge Incontinence Involuntary loss of urine associated with abrupt and strong desire to void  Stress Incontinence Involuntary loss of urine during coughing, sneezing, laughing, etc  Overflow Incontinence Involuntary loss of urine associated with over distension of bladder  Functional Incontinence No recognition of need to void, inability to make it to the toilet in time

5. Causes  Neurological disorders Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer‘s Stroke, brain tumor, spinal injury  Hormone imbalances Menopause  Prostate cancer  Loss of muscle tone Childbirth, old age

6. Prevalence  13 million people in the U.S.  10-35% of adults  50% of the 1.5 million residents in nursing homes  leading cause of admission to a nursing home  may lead to pressure sores and ulcers, possibly resulting in secondary infections http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3085.htm

7. Specifications Desired  Comply with industry standards for urological medical devices  Be able to remain indwelling for 30 days  Easily operated by patient with disabilities  Allow emptying of the bladder when desired  Prevent urine flow when not desired  Provide an indication of the status of the bladder.

8. AMS 800  artificial urinary sphincter  implantable, fluid-filled, solid silicone elastomer

9. AMS 800 Testing  Determined the force required to compress the pump of the AMS 800 6.3 mm was too much for the electromagnets.  Decided to create a new design based off the AMS 800 using electromagnets.

10. Interstim  Typically used to treat urge incontinence  Inserted into the sacral nerves to activate or inhibit muscles and organs that contribute to urinary control -- the bladder, sphincter and pelvic floor muscles.  Cost of device: $8,800.00  We are using it as a power source

11. Design A  Electromagnets will be activated causing the device to clamp the urethra closed.  Second set of electromagnets will release the clamp.

12. Design B  Utilize a servo and push rod to collapse urethra  Powered by 4.8V  Provides sufficient torque to drive a sphincter mechanism

13. Methods  Adapt an actuator to activate the device  Actuator will receive a signal through a micro RC receiver  RC receiver is controlled externally to allow simple evacuation of bladder Dimensions :.85 x 1.25 x.5“

14. Status  Corresponding with Konica Minolta, Systemax and Hitachi about circuitry for our device  Gathering materials necessary for constructing device Wire Magnets – waiting for order to arrive Springs Servo Push rod

15. Acknowledgments  Dr. Doug Milam  Dr. King  Any Questions?