1. Alan D. Morales, M.Ed., ATC/L
Classification
Alan D. Morales, M.Ed., ATC/L

2. Why do we classify?
To organize organisms into groups that have biological meaning
Taxonomy-the study that classify organisms & assign each organism a universally accepted name.
Uses Greek & Latin language

3. Why do they uses common names?
Common names was confusing. Same organism may have different names
Puma, cougar, panther, mountain lion
Different species may shared single common name
Buzzard: US-Vulture; UK-Hawk

4. How does an organism get it assigned scientific name?
Binomial Nomenclature
Created by Carolus Linnaeus
Two-part naming system
Always written in italics
1st word is capitalized and 2nd word is lowercased
1st word-the genus
2nd word-the species (refers to important trait of organism or where it lives)
Example: Grizzly Bear- Ursus arctos

5. Linnaeus’s System of Classification
7 Taxonomic Categories
Species
Genus
Family
Order
Class
Phylum
Kingdom
Sam Gave Fred One Copper Padlock Key.
Do Activity

7. Modern Evolutionary Classification
Traditional classification problem:
Classifying organisms with similar body structure or important traits
Evolution Classification
Strategy of grouping organism together based on evolutionary history

8. Cladistic analysis-identifies & considers only those characteristics of organisms that are evolutionary innovation
Derived characters-characteristics that recently appeared in lineage not in older members
Cladogram-a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationship among a group of organisms.
Do Lab

9. Cladogram is similar to a family tree in that it shows relationships common among relative organisms.

10. Classification Tools DNA & RNA Molecular Clock
Scientist examine DNA & RNA to help determine classification of organism
Example: Amer. vulture, African vulture, & Stork
Molecular Clock
Used to mark evolutionary change in organism by comparing the DNA

11. Kingdom & Domains Early Tree of Life were misguided assumptions
Linnaeus Taxonomy did not adequately represent the full diversity.
6 Kingdom System of Classification
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

12. Domain System
Developed with uses of comparative studies on RNA & molecular clock
Larger than a Kingdom
System
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Eukarya
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, & Animalia
Revisit Saying Activity

13. Classification of Living Things
Domain
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Cell Type
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Cell Structure
Cell wall w/ peptidoglycan
Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan
Cell wall of cellulose in some; some have chloroplast
Cell wall of chitin
Cell wall of cellulose; chloroplast
No cell wall or chloroplast
# of Cells
Unicellular
Most unicellular; some multicellular
Most multicellular; some Unicellular
Multicellular
Mode of Nutrition
Autotroph or Hetertroph
Hetertroph
Autotroph
Examples
Streptococcus
Halophiles
Slime molds, giant kelp
Mushroom, yeast
Mosses, ferns, plants
Sponges, insects, fishes, mammals

14. The End