1. Missing Food – The grain postharvest losses of Smallholders in Sub-Saharan Africa Dr John Orchard & Prof Rick Hodges

2. What we will cover  Why have grain postharvest losses (PHLs) become so important?  What can be done about postharvest losses?  The contribution of the African Postharvest Losses Information System (APHLIS).

3. The People Daily – Kenya 18/01/2012

4. What has triggered the interest? Long run movements of food commodity prices IMF Commodity price indexes deflated by the U.S. CPI Real price index 1970s food crisis 2006/07 food crisis Real price index/metric tonne

5. In developing countries, for every 1% increase in food prices, food purchases decrease by 0.75% (FAO 2006) Food riots - 2006 The solution – to increase food availability ?

6. Three options to increase food availability 1 st - Increase production 2 nd - Widen distribution 3 rd - Reduce losses and waste after harvest

7. The benefits of reducing PHLs? PHLs are not just a waste of valuable food but also a waste of the resources used in to food production –  Agricultural inputs (fertiliser, pesticide, oil)  Water  Land  Labour So loss reduction can be a more resource efficient response to food shortage than increased production.

8. What’s moving the scene Feb 2011 April 2011

9. What can be done about PHLs* 1. Provide incentives for improved quality. 2. Encourage group marketing. 3. Strengthen grain market institutions. 4. Enable access to improved approaches and technologies. 5. Support the postharvest technical community in LDCs (e.g. through APHLIS). *See World Bank report ‘Missing Food’ - http://siteresources.worldbank.org/ INTARD/Resources/MissingFoods10_web.pdf

10. What is APHLIS? APHLIS is an initiative of the EC’s Joint Research Centre that provides- weight loss estimates by cereal, by country and by province in Sub-Saharan Africa African Postharvest Losses Information System NRI JRC BLE - ISICAD

11. http://www.aphlis.net  Calculates cumulative cereal losses.  Is based on a network of local experts.  Method and data are displayed, so it is fully transparent.  Has a downloadable calculator for user estimation at any geographical scale. What is APHLIS?

12. APHLIS outputs are presented in tables and interactive maps Maize % weight losses by province

13. Uses for APHLIS loss estimates  Influence policy makers.  Identify opportunities to improve the efficiency of value chains.  Identify opportunities to improve food security.  M&E project performance APHLIS outputs can be used to:

14. In the future APHLIS will offer 1.A standardised approach to the collection of loss data – with development of a loss assessment manual. 2.A system for local experts to generate a narrative on loss estimates for their country

15. In the future APHLIS will offer 3.Provide an understanding of the significance of quality losses, and 4.Provide the approaches to be taken by smallholders, for each step in the post-harvest value chain, to reduce both losses of quantity and quality of their cereal grains. THANK YOU