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PRODUCTION OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE
PAB 2073
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Topic outline Operating and maintenance objectives
Developing FDP: Requirement for production operations
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Importance of Production Operations and Maintenance
During development phase, important to define how the field will be produced and operate and how the facilities will be maintained Early input into FDP is required to incorporate the production and maintenance modes into the design of the facilities
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Objectives of POM Example of Op. & Maint. Objectives of a project:
Maximising economic recovery of hydrocarbons Ensuring that agreed quantities of hydrocarbons are delivered to customer on time, to specification and in safe manner Ensuring an uptime of 98% Minimising manpower offshore Provide safe working condition for workers and contractors Comply with all local legislation Provide certain levels of employment within local community
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Production Operations Input to FDP
During preparation of FDP, production operations will set how the field will be operated in areas: Production Manning Logistics Communications Cost control
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Production Product quality specification Contractual agreements
Capacity and availability Concurrent operations Monitoring and control Testing and metering Standardisation Flaring and venting Waste disposal Utilities systems
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Product quality specification
Stabilised crude with BS&W less than 0.5% and salinity of 70 g/m3 Water effluent quality less than 100 ppm Contractual agreements Agreed fiscalisation points Capacity and availability Of separator, water treatment tank, gas compressor, etc Concurrent operations Performing simultaneous activities of production and drillling (SIPROD) Safety vs. cost Operation mode if in SIPROD
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Monitoring and control
Combination of instrumentation and control equipment and manual Record daily WHTHP Computer Assisted Operations (CAO) Collect data to automatic operation of field Unmanned offshore platform – remote control from onshore Benefits from accurate monitoring and control: Increased production rates Reduced OPEX Reduced CAPEX Increased safety Improved environmental protection Improved data base Example: Optimisation of gas in gas lift system
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Testing Metering production rate of each well Test separator, MPFM
Individual well tested by passing the production through the test separator and then shut in the well and calculate the production rate from reduction in rate Metering required for fiscal (taxation), tariff As product leaves the production platform or as it arrives at the delivery point
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Standardisation of equipment Flaring and venting policies
Use same specification, brand of equipment Benefits Reduced design and capex Reduced spares stock Less operating procedures Less training Drawbacks Flaring and venting policies Maximum allowable limits Anticipate future legislation and determine if it is necessary to incorporate into initial design Flare, venting required during process shutdown
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Waste disposal Utilities systems Waste discharged to sea or land
Drill cuttings, sewage, food, empty drums/crates, used lubricants, used coolants, drain discharges Effluents discharged to air Hydrocarbon gases Coolant vapours Noise Light Utilities systems Power system (fuel gas and diesel) Sea water and potable water treatment system Chemicals and lubrication oils Alarm and shutdown system Fire protection and fire fighting system Instrument and utility air system
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Manning Manned or unmanned
Every offshore requires accommodation, transport, administrative support, management and back-up to operate a shift system Is manned then need life saving systems, recreation room, radio telecommunication facilities, medical and sick-bay facilities Thus, go for minimum manning – safer and cheaper
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Logistics Organisation of transport of people and supply and storage of materials Depends on mode of manning Transport of people by helicopter, by sea (supply boat/general purpose boat, or fast crew boat (FCB) Choice depends on distance from shore to offshore platform Materials transport use supply boat
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Communications Internal: Telephone, radio, walkie-talkie, navigation, air-ground-air, public address External: telephone, telex, fax, VHF radio, satellite links
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