1. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. International Financial Management Abridged 10 th Edition by Jeff Madura 1

2. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 2 9 Forecasting Exchange Rates Chapter Objectives This chapter will: A. Explain how firms can benefit from forecasting exchange rates B. Describe the common techniques used for forecasting C. Explain how forecasting performance can be evaluated 2

3. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 Why Firms Forecast Exchange Rates 1.Hedging decisions 2.Short-term investment decisions 3.Capital budgeting decisions 4.Earnings assessment 5.Long-term financing decisions

4. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 4 Forecasting Techniques 1.Technical Forecasting 2.Fundamental Forecasting 3.Market-Based Forecasting

5. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 5 Technical Forecasting 1.Involves the use of historical exchange rate data to predict future values 2.Limitations of technical forecasting: a.Focuses on the near future b.Rarely provides point estimates or range of possible future values c.Technical forecasting model that worked well in one period may not work well in another

6. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 6 Fundamental Forecasting 1.Based on fundamental relationships between economic variables and exchange rates 2.Use of sensitivity analysis to account for uncertainty by considering more than one possible outcome. 3.Use of PPP for fundamental analysis by forecasting inflation rate differentials 4.Limitations of fundamental forecasting include: a.Unknown timing of the impact of some factors b.Forecasts of some factors may be difficult to obtain c.Some factors are not easily quantified d.Regression coefficients may not remain constant

7. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 7 Market-Based Forecasting 1.Use of the spot rate to forecast the future spot rate. 2.Use of the forward rate to forecast the future spot rate

8. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 8 Mixed Forecasting 1.Use a a combination of forecasting techniques 2.Mixed forecast is then a weighted average of the various forecasts developed

9. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 9 Forecast Error 1.Measurement of forecast error a.Absolute forecast error as a percentage of the realized value = (forecasted value – realized value) / realized value 2.Forecast error among time horizons 3.Forecast error over time periods 4.Forecast errors among currencies 5.Forecast bias

10. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 10 Statistical Test of Forecast Bias

11. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 11 Exhibit 9.6 Graphic Evaluation of Forecast Performance

12. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 12 Forecasting under Market Efficiency 1.Weak-form efficiency: historical and current exchange rate information is already reflected in today’s exchange rate and is not useful for forecasting. 2.Semistrong-form efficiency: all relevant public information is already reflected in today’s exchange rate. 3.Strong-form efficiency: all relevant public and private information is already reflected in today’s exchange rate.

13. © 2011, 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 13 Methods of Forecasting Exchange Rate Volatility 1.Use of recent volatility level 2.Use of historical pattern of volatilities 3.Implied standard deviation