1. Milling and grinding machine
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2. Milling
Milling is a metal cutting operation in which the work is progressively moved towards a rotating cutter for material removal process.
Milling cutter is a multipoint cutting tool.
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5. Milling machine
A milling machine is a power operated machine tool in which the work piece is mounted on moving table is machined to various shapes when moved under a slow revolving cutter.
Work piece is fed against a milling cutter.
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6. Metal is removed in the form of chips by using a rotating multiple teeth milling cutter.
Milling process is used for producing flat, contoured or helical surfaces for toothed gears, slots, etc.
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7. Principle of milling
The workpiece is mounted on the table can be fed either in the direction opposite to that of rotating cutter or in the same direction of the cutter.
Classification
Conventional or up milling.
Climb or down milling.
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8. Up milling Work piece advances against the rotating cutter.
Chips are progressively thicker.
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9. Down milling
Work piece is fed in the same direction as that of the cutter tooth.
Cutter enters top of the work piece and removes the chip that gets progressively thinner.
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10. comparison Up milling Down milling
Work piece is fed in opposite direction of that of cutter.
Chips are progressively thicker.
Strong clamping is required since the cutting force is directed upwards and tends to lift the work piece.
Poor surface finish and used for hard materials.
Work piece is fed in same direction of that of cutter.
Chips are progressively thinner.
Strong clamping is not required since the cutting force is directed downwards and keeps work piece pressed to table.
Good surface finish and used for soft materials.
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11. classification Milling machine can be broadly classified into :
Plain or horizontal type of milling machine
Vertical milling machine
Universal milling machine
Planer type milling machine
Profile cutting milling machine
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12. Horizontal milling machine
Base
Column
Arbor
Knee
Saddle
Table
Over arm
YOKE
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13. Base – it is a hollow cast iron structure which forms the foundation of machine on which other parts are mounted.
Column – houses main drive, transmission system, spindle. It is provided with vertical guide square or dovetail to accommodate knee.
Knee – mounted on vertical guide of column moved up or down by an elevating screw.
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YOKE
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15. Saddle – mounted on knee which slides on it by operating cross feed handle.
Table – mounted on top of saddle with a dovetail fit. Table slides perpendicular to the axis of saddle movement.
Arbor – shaft which carries the cutter with its other end supported by yoke.
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YOKE
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17. Working Work piece is mounted directly on table using machine vice.
Over arm – mounted on top of column. Supports the free end of arbor through yoke.
Working
Work piece is mounted directly on table using machine vice.
Cutter of required shape and size are mounted over the arbor which is driven by spindle.
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18. Feed in all 3 axis can be given by using knee elevating handle, cross slide handle, table movement handle.
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YOKE
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20. Vertical milling machine
Base and column
Spindle head
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21. Base and column – base is the foundation for the machine and column is the vertical part houses motor, transmission system.
Spindle head – mounted on front face of the column at the top. It has a vertical spindle run by motor to which milling tool is fitted to end.
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22. Working
Work piece is mounted on table and cutter is mounted on vertical spindle.
Feed is given by movement of saddle and table and also vertical movement of tool.
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23. Milling process Plain milling End milling Slot milling Angular milling
Form milling
Straddle milling
Gang milling
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24. Plain milling Process used to mill flat surfaces of the work piece.
Milling cutter axis is parallel to the surface that is being milled.
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25. End milling
Process of milling that is used to mill slots, pockets and keyways.
Axis of milling cutter is perpendicular to the surface of the work piece.
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26. Slot milling Cutter tool – “slot drill”
Axis of spindle is horizontal or parallel to surface of work.
To produce rectangular slots, T-slots, dovetail slots.
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27. Angular milling
To produce angular surfaces like dovetail, grooves and chamfers.
Surface of slot is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the milling cutter axis.
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28. Form milling
This is a process used to machine special forms / contours consisting of curves.
“form milling cutter” is the cutting tool which is shaped exactly to the contour to be milled.
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30. Straddle milling
Used to machine two parallel vertical surfaces at a single time.
It has two cutters mounted parallel on the arbor separated by a calculated spacing.
Also used to mill sides of hexagon.
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31. Gang milling
Gang milling is the term applied to an operation in which two or more milling cutters are used together on one arbor when cutting horizontal surfaces.
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33. Specification of milling machine
Clamping area – area of the work table where the jobs are to be clamped.
Longitudinal movement (mm) – this is the distance along the X – axis by which the table along with the job moves longitudinally.
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34. Speed – speed of the spindle rotation ( rpm)
Transverse movement (mm) – distance along Y- axis by which the table travels in traverse direction.
Speed – speed of the spindle rotation ( rpm)
Power of milling spindle motor – power capacity of motor of spindle. (kW)
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35. Thank you
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