1. Demand and Supply

2. Demand and Supply
If Demand increases and supply remains unchanged, a shortage occurs, leading to a higher price.
If Demand decreases and supply remains unchanged, a surplus occurs, leading to a lower price.

3. Supply
If Supply increases and demand remains unchanged, a surplus occurs, leading to a lower price.
If Supply decreases and demand remains unchanged, a shortage occurs, leading to a higher price.

5. Demand and Supply
In this powerpoint, you'll discover the effect of the changing relationship between demand and supply on prices.
One example is oil prices.
Back in June 2014, the price of crude oil was up around $115 per barrel.
As of January 5, 2015, it had fallen by 50% down to $52 per barrel.
But why does the price of oil keep falling?

6. Table

7. Why has the Price of Oil Fallen?
On The Demand Side,
The economies of Europe have weakened due to recession and therefore are demanding less oil.
People are becoming more environmentally aware.
Vehicles are becoming more energy-efficient, so demand for fuel is falling.
In China the demand for oil has fallen due to use of alternatives.

8. Why has the Price of Oil Fallen?
On the Supply Side
United States domestic production has nearly doubled over the last six years.
Saudi, Nigerian and Algerian oil that once found a home in the United States is suddenly competing for Asian markets, and the producers are forced to drop prices.
OPEC has not intervened to curb production and stabilise price.

10. Benefits of falling oil prices
Households will spend less on energy this year because of the lower oil prices.
Any motorist can tell you fuel prices have dropped considerably in recent months.
The fall should lead to lower prices all around.

11. Negative effects
Oil producing countries, however, will suffer as the prices continue to drop.
Some smaller oil companies that are in debt may go out of business, which in turn will pressure banks that had to lend to them.
It is also contributing to deflation.

12. Conclusion
We can now see that the relationship between supply and demand can have a huge effect on prices and therefore on every part of the economy.