1. Music Through History Using Music in the Social Studies Curriculum Megan Puckett

2. Medieval Period (476-1400) Gregorian Chant- supposed creator Pope Gregory I Usually written in Latin and easily passed around Chants were written in syllabic, melismatic or neumatic styles Music was transferred by troubadours, trouveres and minnesinger Polyphony happens mid-9 th Century Mensural notation (note values) happens mid-13 th century; followed by Franconian and Petronian notations Ars Nova (new art) begins in 14 th century by Phillippe de Vitry

3. Important Medieval Composers Messe de Notre Dame (Guillaume de Machaut)- the first cyclical cycle of Mass Ordinary Secular styles of composition: France-formes fixes, ballade, virelai, rondeaux, canon; Italy- balata, madrigal, caccia England- rondellus

4. Renaissance (1400-1600) Protestant Reformation brings about other faiths/ churches and secular courts grow in size, number and importance (arts are important) Most music is unwritten at this time, shared from person- to-person by memory; that which is written is done by hand and expensive; music printing begins in early 16 th century Most music is composed by the common man Was essential to play/sing/read music & instruments Bassoon invented.

5. Instruments of Renaissance Period Keyboards are invented Secular styles of composition: Italy- chanson, frottola, madrigal Germany- lieder, tenorlied, chorale Spain- villancico England- lute song, anthem, Italian madrigal

6. Important Renaissance Composers Guillame DuFay (1397-1474) serves in Papal Chapels in Rome, Florence, Bologna, Savoy writing mostly in French Josquin des Prez (1450-1521) French; serves in Milan, Rome, Ferrara and Notre Dame John Dunstable (1390-1453) English; traveled in France Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (1525 or 26-1594) Italian Orlando de Lassus (1530 or 32- 1594) served in Italy and Bavaria

7. Baroque Period (1600-1750) Age of Absolutism (king authority) France leads in utilizing the arts (Louis XIV) Theaters and opera houses flourish and compete against one another in London, Hamburg and Venice Music often conveyed a single emotion Music is primarily written for the Church or court Cello, oboe and trombone are invented

8. Important Baroque Composers Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Vivaldi Johann Sebastian Bach George Frideric handel Henry Purcell Heinrich Schütz Claudio Monteverdi

9. Italian church composer; the Red Priest; writes several instrumental concertos, some sacred music and 46 operas; works at a girls school The Four Seasons http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l -dYNttdgl0 Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741)

10. born in Florence, but considered father of French opera; court musician Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687) Te Deumhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXTeWyyylukhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXTeWyyyluk

11. German church musician writing primarily for the church and adjoined school; had some 16 children; wrote well over 200 cantatas plus several instrumental works for keyboard and organ Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) Toccata and Fugue in D Minor http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_78634 &v=ATbMw6X3T40&feature=iv

12. German born musician, also living in Italy and finally England writing operas, oratorios, sacred music for Anglican church, royal weddings, coronations and funerals. George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) Water Music Suite in F Major, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8slQkKlSKkI

13. Other Important Composers Henry Purcell (1659-1695) English composer; organist of Westminster Abbey; writes music for plays and sacred anthems Heinrich Schütz (1585-1672) German church composer responsible for transmitting the seconda prattica north of the Alps Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643) Italian court composer; wrote madrigals and dramatic works Henry Purcell: Dido and Aeneas excerpts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Vkq5xKkHQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Vkq5xKkHQ Heinrich Schutz- Die mit Tränen säen SWV 378 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyQAkKHvBFo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyQAkKHvBFo Claudio Monteverdi L'Orfeo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb2TURdBeEQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jb2TURdBeEQ

14. Classical Period (1750-1800) Age of Enlightenment Emerging musical styles: sonata, string quartet, symphony and concertos (each has 3-4 contrasting mvts. Also, rondos and trios. Piano invented/popularized

15. Important Classical Composers Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Christoph Willibald Gluck Joseph Haydn Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach William Billings Others: Johann Christian Bach, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Salieri, Muzio Clementi, Johann Stamitz

16. a child prodigy; begins composing before age 5; could hear something and write it; wrote 41 symphonies, several string quartets/quintets, chamber works, piano solos, concertos, operas, masses and sacred works. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) The Magic Flute Overture http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IR8GFUTMP_E

17. born in present day Czech Republic, later moves to Vienna; composes many operas in Italian and French Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-1787) Overture to Orpheus and Eurydice http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8

18. Austrian born, eventually sent to Vienna; writes many symphonies, string quartets, keyboard sonatas; gives lessons to child Beethoven Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) Surprise Symphony, Mvt. 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLjwkamp3lI

19. son of J. S. Bach; called ‘C.P.E. Bach’ and is known as the ‘Berlin Bach’ as he writes similarly to his father; writes especially for keyboard and sacred church music in his last years Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (1714-1788) Concerto in D Minor, Part 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8Sa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7vuat-5dv8Sa

20. American composer; helped to start the American tradition of music; publication include The New- England Psalm- Singer and The Continental Harmony William Billings (1746-1800) Sacred Harp 479 Chester http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqQrWKfLNcw http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqQrWKfLNcw

21. Romantic Period (1800-1900) Domestic music-making is a necessity; females played piano or sang at high level Closely associated with Idealism Concert overture, minstrels, parlor songs, character pieces grow in importance Banjos are among important instruments in America; Saxophone and modern French horn invented

22. Important Romantic Composers Ludwig van Beethoven Hector Berlioz Modeste Mussorgsky Felix Mendelssohn Robert and Clara Schumann Franz Schubert Frederic Chopin Franz Liszt

23. German composer who studies with Haydn in Vienna; composes for instruments, especially keyboard and the voice Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Symphony 3 (Eroica), Mvt. 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGBzOudjQhk http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cGBzOudjQhk

24. French born and lives mostly in Paris; known for his large instrumentation in symphonies Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) Symphonie Fantastique pt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTD bkp4HHs8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTD bkp4HHs8

25. Russian composer who incorporated folk- like elements into his music Modeste Mussorgsky (1839-1881) Pictures at an Exhibition: Promenade pt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5r8sa863Ts http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5r8sa863Ts

26. German born; child prodigy, making several trips to England; composes symphonies, orchestral works, chamber works, piano and vocal works (some oratorios) Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) Violin Concerto in E minor 1, mvt 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C0aZt5vgFHE&feature=fvst

27. They married in 1840; he composes piano works for her, she plays them and is known for her virtuosity; Robert Schumann additionally composes symphonies, chamber works, piano music and lieder. Robert Schumann (1810-1856) & Clara Schumann (1819-1896) Traumerei/Reverie http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zzAvc_iHEI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zzAvc_iHEI

28. Austrian born; worked as a school teacher; wrote lieder, symphonies, string quartets, chamber works and piano sonatas. Franz Schubert (1797-1828) Ave Maria http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2bosouX_d8Y

29. Polish born which was then under Russian domination, but settles in France; mostly composes for piano: nocturnes, etudes, polonaises, waltzes, sonatas, ballades, scherzos, impromptus, etc. Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) Nocturne Op. 9, No. 2 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV5U8kVYS88 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tV5U8kVYS88

30. Hungarian born, later moves to Vienna and France, travelling often; composes symphonies, piano and vocal works Franz Liszt (1811-1886) Liebestraum http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW_MAQj0aIA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW_MAQj0aIA

31. Other Important Composers Richard Wagner, Verdi and Gilbert and Sullivan are the great operatic composers Lowell Mason, Stephen Foster and Louis Moreau Gottschalk are U.S. composers Strauss, Mahler, Brahms are other important composers Sousa The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0 Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31o Paul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUw Sergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLg Giacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8 Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=related Charles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs

32. Twentieth Century (Early- Mid 1900’s) Impressionism- one of earliest attempts to explore new musical approaches Atonality, serial composition, dodecaphony, ragtime, blues, jazz, rock, etc. are invented Neo-Classicism is popular Jazz, Rock N Roll, etc. lead to electronic music, aleatory music, minimalism and postmodernism Tuba invented

33. Important 20 th Century Composers American: Charles Ives, John Philip Sousa, Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Richard Rogers, Samuel Barber, Gian Carlo Menotti, Vincent Persichetti, John Cage French: Claude Debussy, Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen Hungarian: Bela Bartok Italian: Giaccomo Puccini, Ottorino Respighi English: Ralph Vaughan Williams, Benjamin Britten, Edward Elgar, Gustav Holst German: Paul Hindemith Russian: Sergei Rachmaninoff, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky John Philip Sousa: The Stars and Stripes Forever http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n9ePaETGQZ0 Claude Debussy: Clair de lune http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlvUepMa31o Paul Hindemith: Symphony in B Flat http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUwhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWQ93Vu5qUw Sergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 3, Mvt. 1 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oA0kXDMKiLg Giacomo Puccini: Nessun Dorma from Turandot http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RdTBml4oOZ8 Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-gZbMOq_Ge8&feature=related Charles Ives Three Quarter-Tone Pieces (1924), Mvt. II. Allegro http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EU85bUyDPWs

34. Helpful Links Time Period links http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/ http://www.classicalworks.com/his.pages/timeline.html http://library.thinkquest.org/15413/history/music-history.htm http://www.stevenestrella.com/composers/index.html?styletimeline.html Composer links http://www.8notes.com/artists/ http://www.essentialsofmusic.com/ American music http://www.lonestar.edu/library/kin_music1.htm http://www.americanmusicpreservation.com/Americanmusictimeline.htm http://www.earlyamerica.com/music/ http://www.colonialmusic.org/Resource/Resources.htm