1. Extracting the energy e- Carbohydrate Fat Protein Glucose Fatty acids
Amino acids
Acetyl CoA
ATP
Citric acid cycle e-
Oxidative Phosphorylation

2. The 3 stages of Energy Metabolism
Large molecules in food are broken down into smaller units (no useful energy generated)
These smaller molecules are then degraded to a few simple units that play a central role in metabolism (some energy generated)
The citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation then result in production of ATP (most of the energy generation happens here)

3. Extracting the energy e- Carbohydrate Fat Protein Glucose Fatty acids
Amino acids
Acetyl CoA
ATP
Citric acid cycle e-
Oxidative Phosphorylation

4. Glycolysis
The sequence of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate C6H12O6 C3H3O carbon 3 carbon

5. Glycolysis 10 steps - 10 enzymes
First 5 reactions Add 2 phosphate groups and cleave in half to form glyceraldehyde-3-PO4
Next 5 reactions Generate 2 molecules of ATP from glyceraldehyde-3-PO4 making pyruvate

6. Citric acid cycle / Krebs cycle
The final common pathway for the oxidation of fuel molecules
Pyruvate (C3) Acetyl CoA (C2)
Acetyl CoA Citric acid cycle

7. C2 C4 C6
NADH
NADH C5
FADH2
NADH C4
NADH and FADH2 are energy rich molecules with electrons that are used in oxidative phosphorylation

8. Oxidative Phosphorylation
The process in which ATP is formed as electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to O2 by a series of 5 multisubunit complexes located on the inner mitochondrial membrane

9. Oxidative Phosphorylation
NADH O2
H2O
Complex 1
ADP
NAD
Ubiquinone
Complex 3
Complex 4
Complex 5
Cyt c
FADH2
ATP
Complex 2
FAD

10. Glucose, Fatty acids, Amino acids
Glycolysis
Beta oxidation
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
Ketone bodies
Citric acid cycle
NADH / FADH2
Amino acids
Amino acids
Oxidative phosphorylation
ATP