1. S Systems Thinking Chester Irving Barnard By: Anna Shevchenko, Lauren D’Amato, Carly Tawse

2. About Barnard He was an American business executive, public administrator, and the author of pioneering work in management theory and organizations studies. Wrote the book, “The Functions of the Executive”. Studied at Harvard, his influences were: Max Weber, Kurt Lewin, Vilfredo Pareto Anna S.

3. Main Theories 3  Introduced Idea of an Informal Workplace or Organization  This provides communication among employees  Believed company’s needed a willingness to work and a common purpose Carly T

4. Organizations as Systems  Organizations are made up of subsystems  Intergrade all the subsystems equally to be successful  Responsibility of Managers to ensure all the subsystems co- ordinate well with each other 4 Carly T

6. Communication Theory The Channels of communication should be definite Everyone should know of the channels of communication Everyone should have access to the formal channels of communication Lines of communication should be as short and as direct as possible Competence of persons serving as communication centers should be adequate The line of communication should not be interrupted when organization is functioning Every communication should be authenticated Anna S

7. Authority and Incentives Theory Managers should treat workers respectfully and competently to obtain authority. There are two ways of convincing subordinates to cooperate: tangible incentives and persuasion. Material Incentives Personal non-material opportunities for distinction Desirable physical conditions of work Ideal Benefactions Anna S

8. The Functions of the Executive Establishing and maintain a system of communication Securing essential services from other members Formulating organization purposes and objectives Anna S

9. 9 Limitations Time - When given deadlines Boundaries - When a certain aspect of your system breaks down Lauren D

10. 10 Example Ecosystem + Food Chain Lauren D