2. Metabolism Transformations and Interactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

3. Metabolism Photosynthesis Fuel Metabolism Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning CO 2 Carbohydrates Amino Acids H2OH2O Calvin Cycle Shikimic Acid Pathway Creation of potential energy in food by plants. Fatty acids Protein Fats

4. Chemical Reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

5. Adenosine Triphosphate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

6. Chemical Reactions Coupled reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

7. A Typical Cell

8. Chemical Reactions Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

10. Chemical Reactions Helpers in reactions –Enzymes Cofactors –Coenzymes Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

11. Nutrients for Energy Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

12. Nutrients for Energy Glycolysis Pyruvate  acetyl CoA TCA cycle Electron transport chain Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

13. Glycolysis: Glucose-to- Pyruvate

14. Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Anaerobic vs. aerobic pathways Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

15. Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Anaerobic Pyruvate-to-lactic acid –Cori cycle Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

16. Pyruvate-to-Lactic Acid (Anaerobic)

17. Glucose The fate of pyruvate –Aerobic Pyruvate-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

18. Pyruvate- to-Acetyl CoA (Aerobic)

19. Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning The Paths of Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA

20. Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Glucose yields energy

21. Glycerol & Fatty Acids Glycerol-to-pyruvate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

22. Glycerol & Fatty Acids Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

23. Fatty acids-to-acetyl CoA, cont’d

24. Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning Fats Enter the Energy Pathway

25. Glycerol & Fatty Acids Fatty acids cannot be used to synthesize glucose Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

26. Amino Acids Amino acids-to-acetyl CoA Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

27. Amino Acids Amino acids-to-glucose Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

28. Amino Acids Deamination –Keto acid –Ammonia Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

29. Amino Acids Transamination Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

30. Amino Acids Ammonia- to-urea Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

31. Urea excretion via the kidneys

32. Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

33. The Final Steps The TCA cycle –oxaloacetate Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

34. The TCA Cycle

35. The Final Steps The electron transport chain Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

36. Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthesis

37. The Final Steps The kcalories-per-gram secret revealed Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

38. The Central Pathways of Energy Metabolism

39. Economics of Feasting Excess protein Excess carbohydrate Excess fat Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

40. Economics of Feasting Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

41. Economics of Fasting Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

42. Economics of Fasting Glucose needed for the brain Protein meets glucose needs Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

43. Economics of Fasting Shift to ketosis Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning

45. Economics of Fasting Suppression of appetite Slowing of metabolism Symptoms of starvation Copyright 2005 Wadsworth Group, a division of Thomson Learning