1. Organized by UNEP DTIE sponsored by InWent Training Programme for Capacity Building in National Cleaner Production Centers Integration Sustainable Production & Consumption Brazil, August 2003

2. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Objectives  Improve participants understanding of how sustainable consumption and production are interrelated.  Support participants in identifying opportunities for leveraging sustainable consumption and production in their activities  Present tools and methodologies available for an integrated approach of SC&P.

3. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Structure of presentation  What is Sustainable SC&P?  Need for an integrated approach  Tools and strategies available  The function-based approach  Scope and opportunities (in working groups)

4. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What is Cleaner Production? Cleaner Production is the continuos application of an integrated environmental strategy to processes, products, and services to increase overall efficiency, and reduce risks to humans and the environment. Cleaner production can be applied to the processes used in any industry, to products themselves and to various services provided in society” [UNEP]

5. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Environmental Management Evolutionary “Ladder” Cost & liability Prevent Control Dilute Ignore Sustainable Development Save & opportunity React & treat Anticipate & prevent GOAL recycling; treatment cleaner production; sustainable consumption

6. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What Cleaner Production means for… Production processes: conserving raw materials, water and energy; eliminating toxic and dangerous raw materials; reducing the quantity and toxicity of all emissions and wasters at source during the production process.

7. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What Cleaner Production means for… Products: reducing the environmental, health and safety impacts of products offer their entire life cycle, from raw materials extraction, throughout manufacturing and use to the “ultimate” disposal of the product.  Services: incorporating environmental concerns into designing and delivering services.

8. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Sustainable Consumption: Different Terms …Different Concepts? Voluntary simplicity

9. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What is Sustainable Consumption “…the use of services and products which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as to not jeopardize the needs of future generations.” UN CSD, 1995

10. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics SITUAÇÃO INSUSTENTÁVEL Atualmente, um quinto da população mundial, vivendo nos países desenvolvidos, responde por 86% do mercado de consumo, comprando 46% de toda a carne; 65% da energia elétrica; 84% do papel e 85% dos metais e químicos. Também é responsável por 70% das emissões globais de carbono. Geraldo Rohde

11. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Sustainable Consumption is more than “ consuming green ” It is meeting basic needs is about changing patterns, not “ doing without ” It is responsible consumption consuming differently, efficiently!!

12. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics CS NO BRASIL ACESSO AO CONSUMO (MISÉRIA) (RE)DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA ACESSO A REMÉDIOS / GC/PI DEFESA DO CONSUMIDOR RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL Geraldo Rohde

13. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Concerned global consumers

14. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Driving Forces that Influence Consumption Economic: economic growth, disposable income and prices, Demographics: single-person households, longer/healthier lifetimes Social: lifestyle and cultural tastes for diversity, individualism, working/leisure hours. Education and Information: environmental awareness. Existing technology and infrastructure, available products and services. Policy framework: economic instruments, regulations and social tools.

15. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics NECESSIDADES HUMANAS BÁSICAS ("INATAS") AR ÁGUA ALIMENTO [ FUNCIONAL = SAÚDE] VESTUÁRIO MORADIA EDUCAÇÃO NOVIDADE Geraldo Rohde

16. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics "NECESSIDADES" CRIADAS ARTIFICIAIS SUPÉRFLUAS – EFÊMERAS OBSOLESCÊNCIA PLANEJADA SOBRECONSUMO SUNTUOSIDADE – MODA DESCARTÁVEIS DESPERDÍÇIO ("CULTURA DO") NEEDS X WANTS Geraldo Rohde

17. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Sustainable Production There is not Sustainable Consumption without and viceversa

18. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Need for an Integrated Approach –Increasing resource use efficiency (technological innovation, better management, alternative materials, etc.) to meet the basic needs –Reduce material and energy density of consumption –Promoting sustainable development (economic, social and environmental)

19. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Production Chain Schematic & Examples of strategies to improve resource productivity Cleaner processing and energy technology Extraction of Raw materials Processing Industry Cleaner processing and energy technology Manufacturer Of finished products Cleaner processing and energy technology More emphasis on material with a favorable life course Less material per unit Larger share of materials from recycling industry Better moduling of components

20. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Production Chain Schematic & Examples of strategies to improve resource productivity (II) Cleaner and more Effective transport, Possibly spread Production Re-use of transport packaging Rationalize link between goods or services and consumer (computer shopping) Better utilization of energy More re-use and recycling A large share of the total consumption should refer to service More “sharing” More systematic Recycling New materials technology DistributionConsumption Waste Management

21. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Production Process-Focused Production and Consumption Consumption

22. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics A Systems Look at Sustainable Production and Consumption ProductionConsumption

23. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics We sometimes fixate on our part of the system…

24. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics The role of Governments, Industry and Consumers Sustainable consumption and production is a common responsability of Governments, Industry and Consumers.

25. Tools and Strategies for Sustainable Consumption and Production

26. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Systems Models/Tools for SC&P Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) –http://www.uneptie.org/pc/pc/tools/lca.htm Life Cycle Management (LCM) –http://www.ec.gc.ca/ecocycle/englins/whatislcm.cfm Product System Services (PSS) –http://www.uneptie.org/pc/sustain/design/pss.htm Integrated Product Policy (IPP) –http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ipp/home.htm

27. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Companies’ Potential Areas of Improvement Processes: CP assessment, eco-efficiency, procurement, supply chain management.  Products/Services: LCM, Eco-design, Product Service System, Eco-labels, Dematerialization  Systems: EMS, multi-stakeholder dialogues

28. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Dematerialization Addressing needs and functionality rather than the product alone Tracking throughput of materials and energy in industrial and consumption processes Major increase in resource productivity Cost internalisation to increase economic efficiency

29. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Policy Instruments to Encourage SC&P $ Economic instruments: taxes, subsidies,credits, financial incentives, etc.  Regulatory: standards, norms, EPR, labeling, (enforcement)  Social: awareness raising, education, information, voluntary initiatives  Others: indicators, green accounting...

30. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics

31. Internal (Government-Oriented) Instruments Green Government Purchasing Integrated Product Policy

32. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Consumer opportunities Conscious purchasing consumer´s power (voting with the pocket, activism) waste separation, water, energy, etc. buy eco-efficient products (saving) quality of life vs consumism sustainable life styles

33. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Local Examples Organic products such as coffee fair trade Local awareness campaigns

34. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Function-Based Approach Meeting human needs by providing functions such as food, clothing, shelter, mobility, health, education, safety, leisure, communication through optimized production and consumption systems that are contained within the carrying capacity of the ecosystem.

35. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Example: Shelter Needs: housing for resident and commercial activities Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use, materials use (cement, steel, plastics, wood, etc.), energy and water consumption during construction and use, furnishing, equipment (heating, water supply, air- conditioning, etc.), demolition and waste disposal New approaches: integrated land use and urban development planing, alternative design (style, materials, lighting, heating and cooling, dual pipelines, waste composting equipment, design for recycle, etc.) Actors: government, architects, real estate developers and managers, construction companies, technology suppliers, tenants, material/equipment suppliers, public, etc.

36. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Example: Mobility Needs: to be able to reach places easily, timely and comfortably Environmental impacts (life-cycle): land use for road, material use in making automobiles, roads and related facilities, energy consumption and pollution emission, automobile wastes, etc. New approaches: urban planing (location of residents, commercial and leisure services), public transport, cleaner fuels, design for efficiency and recycling, telecommunication (working from home, tele-conferencing, on-line shopping), diversity of leisure activities Actors: government, financial institutes, automobile manufacturers, public transport services, leisure service companies, IT industry, etc.

37. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics LC thinking & function based approach…  begins with meeting human needs  encompasses entire production and consumption systems with a life cycle perspective - prevents piecemeal approach  builds on existing CP experiences and and pollution prevention strategy  emphasis the role of national and local governments - involving a wide range of stakeholders  encourages new economic models and generate new sectors and markets

38. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics What is UNEP doing in the region Promotion of the 10 years programme on SC&P –Buenos Aires Meeting –Nicaragua Meeting –Government experts on SC&P council –Forum of Ministers Publications Implementation of projects –Youth X Change –Environmental Citizenship –Diploma/training courses etc.

39. UNEP Division of Technology, Industry & Economics Contact Us è For more information please go to: www.uneptie/pc/ è www.pnuma.org è email: uneptie@unep.fr è industria@rolac.unep.mx Thank you!