1. Globalisation & Sustainability INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Colombo 18 Feb 2010 Architecture: “rethinking sustainability” Gaëtan Siew UIA Imm P President

2. The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Sustainable development? Why ? Awareness Economic reasons Survival

3. The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS COP 15 Awareness 5,7°C Impossible Copenhagen, Denmark 300 000 people 4°C Divergence3°C Satu quo. Too ambitous2°C Could be better.1°C Possible

4. The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS N Stern report It’s not too late Climate change has serious impacts over growth & development Stabilising costs are manageable Delay can be more costly and dangerous Action must be global – from all countries Bonaire, Netherland Antilles Economic reasons KYOTO Right to emit Joint implementation Clean development mechanism 1 Hectare of coral reef = 80 000 to 1 million US$/year revenue in leisure and tourism = 25 000 to 34 000 US$ for protection

5. The World : Three attitudes INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Climate refugees Bangladesh Survival 2010 25 m 2050 250 m NIMBY? N ot I n M y B ack Y ard China 30% of health costs from environmental diseases

6. Innovative or Inno –native ? INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Technology is not all Design Awareness Change in behaviour Consumption habits Production habits Borneo Use less – Do more Sustainable by Design Big v/s Small? Developed v/s Developing Globalistaion Technology Inno - Native Efficient Clean Affordable Sexy

7. The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS The world 2007 : > 50% urban population Monster or sustainable cities ? Sao Paulo, Brazil An Urban World Population m Tokyo 35.2 Mexico 19.2 New York 18.7 Sao Paulo 18.3 Bombay 18.2 Delhi 15.0 Shanghai 14.5 Calcutta 14.3 Jakarta 13.2 Buenos Aires 12.5 GUP b € Tokyo 1 191 New York 1 133 Los Angeles 639 Paris 460 Chicago 460 Londres 452 Osaka-Kobe 341 Mexico 315 Philadelphia 312 Washington 299

8. The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 3 % The world Population – 2005 2020 : 15% of EU population from Africa Delocalisation v/s immigration Nomades, Mali A Mobile World Hanoi, Vietnam

9. The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 2,8 billions poor in 2008 Inequalities North- South Jodhpur, India Rich / Poor

10. The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Young / Old Global illnesses 90 % of 15-25 y old in developing countries in 2025 Young and poor Old and rich India: 140 m old and poor North : Diabetes – Heart South: Aids - Malaria Chatting Hangzhou Chatting New York

11. The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Tertiary Education Competing cities Braindrain Knowledge Competition

12. The World : Contrasting Territories INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 6,5 billions population 5,2 billions mobiles 4,5 billions radios 3,5 billions tv 1,6 billion computers Digital Fracture

13. World Regionalisation INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Refuge Blocks: Sovereignty – Free Trade Diversity Regionalisation

14. World Regionalisation INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Strasbourg EU Parliament Europe in construction Power by standards Security Human rights Environment Good Governance

15. World Regionalisation INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Shanghai, China New Asia Asia looking further East - APEC CHINA 1 m² out of 2 m² in the world 1 billion m² / year 2008: 46 % urban population 118 cities of 1 million + 246 new cities since 1990

16. World Regionalisation INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso African Recomposition Africa : Looking East : China, India, Middle East Looking South: Brazil 62% of urban population are in slums

17. World Regionalisation INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Bogota, Colombie Americas Hispanisation One continent – One language ? South recomposition

18. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Emerging nations BRIC 2008 : FDI 65 000 billions US$ Multinationals World Finance Civil Society NGOs Global Players : Networks Power Global Entreprises Exxon – BP – Toyota - Nokia Vectors of norms

19. Global Players : Networks Power INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Identity v/s Globalisation Territories Fusion Transnational Integrate diversity Religion politics

20. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 6700 Languages in the world Universality of essential values Diversity of cultural expressions Individual and Culture Global Players : Networks Power

21. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 2008 :World Heritage and Sites Cultural Exception – UNESCO v/s WTO Machu Pichu, Peru Individual and Culture Global Players : Networks Power

22. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Sensitivity and Representation 2008: 3187 au UN - ECOSOC Plural NGOs Global Players : Networks Power Sensitivity and Representation OXFAM : 120 countries – 3000 partners Greenpeace: 2,9 m members WWF: 97 countries – 4,7 m members Amnesty Int’l : 150 countries – 2,2 members UIA: 125 countries – 1,5 m architects Fez, Morocco

23. INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Real time information CNN – Al Jazeera – France 24 ? Valencia, Spain Technology power Global Medias Global Players : Networks Power

24. Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS 2007: 923 millions hungry Obesity and Famine Produce and/or Eat Nations buying land overseas especially for agriculture Saudi Arabia in Tchad S Korea in Ethiopia

25. Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Fossil energy dependency Energy use Transport almost solely dependent on petrol (air and sea) Consumption stabilised in Europe and Japan Still increasing in USA, India and Brazil Exploded in China Renewable energies

26. Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Access to water and desalination 1,5 b – No access to potable water 9 countries = 60 % water world reserve Environment Degradation

27. Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Carbon emissions Kyoto Protocol Climate Challenges CO2 Emissions tons/person Qatar48.3 Bahrein27.0 Emirates25.9 Koweit25.7 Luxembourg23.6

28. Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS WTO : 2008 - 153 member states USA + EU = 40% of World Trade World Trade Regulation Fair Trade?

29. Our Future: Global Governance and Civil Societies INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS United Nations Global issues – Global solutions Protection of Collective Assets United Nations World Governance

30. New political vision to embrace all aspects of the profession INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Future Lessons Work Science & Technology Culture Environment When wealth and world assets are shared Forced or natural Depending on our desire of solidarity Stability – Water finds its own level Globalisation/Crisis = Danger + Opportunity 危 机危 机 Reconcile Unite Adopt Tame Pacify are signs and acts of civilisation Learning to live together. Reconcile Unite Adopt Tame Pacify are signs and acts of civilisation Learning to live together.

31. Shi Shei Gratias Obrigado Merci Spasiba Thank you Shoukran INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS Gaëtan Siew Imm P President