1. Jakob Beetz, Bauke de Vries, Jos van Leeuwen Design Systems group TU/Eindhoven ● Distributed Collaboration in the Context of the Semantic Web Presentation for the 8 th DDSS conference, Heeze

2. Overview ● Motivation ● Overall system architecture ● DL-based BIM ● Query and partial model extraction ● Reasoning / inference ● Discussion & Outlook

3. Traditional Working Methods ● Traditional CA(A)D data is – Non-deterministic and ambiguous – Episodic – Highly dynamic – Continuous – Does not contain machine readable knowledge

4. Central Building Model ● Central Building Model – Founded on central databases – No specification for interaction – Assumes completeness – Appropriate for smaller projects?

5. MAS in heterogeneous environments

12. Motivation ● Develop semantically enhanced web services, assist Grid computing ● Profit from large set of research, methods and tools developed in other domains ● Use knowledge representation tools for modeling ● Facilitate distribution of information across networks

13. Performance estimation use case in a MAS

14. Topological inference task example IfcWallStandardCase #949= IFCSPACE(‘guid1',#13,'1',$,$,#947,#939, 'big_room',.ELEMENT.,.INTERNAL.,$); IfcSpace #97= IFCWALLSTANDARDCASE(‘fooGuid',#13, 'Wand-035',$,$,#95,#153,$); IfcRelSpaceBoundary (as IfcConnectionSurfaceGeometry) ???

15. Chain of agents for the sceneario

16. Storing a model as ifcOWL

17. Different Knowledge Domains in AEC/FM project ● ERM ● Semantic Networks ● Frame based systems ● DL based systems

18. Architecture diagram of IFC 2x2

19. IfcOWL as KRS KRS = Terminology (TBox ) + Assertational Knowledge (ABox) K = ( T, A )

20. Basic AL constructs AL Attribute Language Atomic concepts C,D Atomic Roles R,S Terminological Axioms: Equality C º D (used to describe definitions) Inclusion / Supsumption C m D (used to describe IS-A realtions)

21. Basic AL constructs Terminological Axioms (cntd.): Intersection C * D Woman º Person * Female Existential quantification $ R.C Mother º Woman * $ hasChild.Person Value Restriction " R.C MotherOfDaughtersOnly º Woman * " hasChild.(Person * Female)

22. Semantic Web Stack Semantic Web Structure according to Tim Berners-Lee

23. RDF-based representations Ora Lassila is the creator of the resource http://www.w3.org/Home/Lassila. N3 noation: “Ora Lassila” isCreatorOf w3.org/Home/Lassila Ora Lassila PredicateSubjectObject

24. IfcOWL T-Box in Protege

25. IfcOWL A-Box in Protege

26. IfcOWL Please find the Technical specification details of ifcOWL in Gehre, A. Katranuschkov, P. Wix, J. and Beetz, J. (2006). InteliGrid Deliverable D31: Ontology Specification, The InteliGrid Consortium, c/o University of Ljubljana, www.InteliGrid.com.

27. Extracting partial models

28. Partial Model extraction e.g. using SPARQL

29. Communication

30. Classic Agent Model

31. Inter-Agent Communication Layers Communication Layers according to Laamanen & Helin

32. Topological inference

33. Simple Example of DL notation of ER model AL – representation of an IFC Door Door m BuildingElement * " OverallHeight.PositiveLength * " OverallWidth.PositiveLength

34. SWRL implementation of Rules fatherOf(?x,?y) ^ brotherOf(?x,?z) -> uncleOf(?z,?y)

35. SWRL implementation of Rules ENTITY door; SUBTYPE OF (buildingPart) height: REAL; WHERE WR : height > 0; END_ENTITY; door(?x) ^ hasHeight(?x,?height) ^ swrlb:greaterThan(?height, 0) -> WR1(?x,true)

36. Thank you Jakob Beetz Design Systems group TU/Eindhoven ● Questions, suggestions, comments very welcome

37. IFC ontology in Protégé

38. IFC concept structure

39. Main differences to EXPRESS ● Built-in reasoning capabilities ● Built-in functions for creation and reference of distributed data ● Open world vs. closed world

40. IFC concept structure ● ISO 10303-p28 xml bindings ● EXPRESS (ISO 10303-11)

41. Available Taxonomies and Ontologies ● IFC 2.2x (XML Schema) ● Stabu Lexicon (XML Schema) ● eCOGNOS (DAML-OIL) ● WordNet (OWL)

42. Semantic Web Layers RDF Schema example from Richard Vdovjak