1. The Crusades The Quest for the Holy Land I can discuss the events of the religious Crusades and summarize their causes and effects on the Christians, Muslims, and Jews in Europe. HSS 7.6.6

2. The Crusades: Overview Definition – a series of eight Christian military expeditions from Europe to Palestine Dates: 1096 – 1270 AD Crusader = one marked with the cross Motivation: to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims  Palestine (the Holy Land): ancient region of southwest Asia, on the east coast of the Mediterranean

3. Three Religions Claim the Holy Land Muslims Jews Christians

4. Why did people go on Crusade?  Adventure  Fortune  Religious Reasons: Take back Holy Land Promised forgiveness

5. The 1 st Crusade “ The Peasants Crusade ” In 1095 AD, Pope Urban II called Christians to recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims. 30,000 people (in 4 separate groups) responded. Many peasants responded to the call because of the preaching of a man named, “Peter the Hermit”.

6. The 1 st Crusade Results Crusaders attacked farmers, looted cottages and massacred Jews during their Crusade Many died as a result of disease Captured Jerusalem and massacred many Muslims and Jews Jerusalem controlled by Christians; some crusaders returned to Europe, others stayed

7. The 4 th Crusade “ The Sack of Constantinople ” After two failed Crusades, Pope Innocent III called for a fourth Crusade in 1198. Knights were sponsored by merchants from Venice, Italy, in exchange for the promise of half of all wealth taken in battle Focus changed from religious to financial. Crusaders sacked the city of Constantinople in 1204 AD.

8. The 4 th Crusade Results Crusade broke apart in 1204 AD Constantinople collapsed. Greeks finally recaptured the city in 1261 AD. Permanent schism between Latin and Greek Christian churches.

9. The 5 th Crusade “ The Children ’ s Crusade ” Started by a young French shepherd boy named Stephen and a young German boy named Nicholas in 1212 AD. As many as 30,000 children and adults joined the Crusade. The Crusaders did not have supplies or weapons to make the trip. The Pope and French king both tried to stop the Crusaders.

10. The Children ’ s Crusade Results Crusade fell apart in Genoa, Italy when the sea did not part as expected. Some children died trying to sail to the Holy Land. Many children starved or died of disease. Large groups of children were tricked onto slave ships and sold as slaves.