1. The Crusades Mr. Ermer World History Miami Beach Senior High

2. Call To Holy War Emperor Alexius I of Byzantium asks the pope for help against the Seljuk Turks (Muslims) Emperor Alexius I of Byzantium asks the pope for help against the Seljuk Turks (Muslims) Pope Urban II responds, calling for European, Christian warriors to liberate Jerusalem from the infidels, this fight was called the Crusades Pope Urban II responds, calling for European, Christian warriors to liberate Jerusalem from the infidels, this fight was called the Crusades Western Europeans, mostly French, answer call Western Europeans, mostly French, answer call Causes for fighting: religion, trade, land, title, money and adventure Causes for fighting: religion, trade, land, title, money and adventure

3. War for Gold, God & Glory

4. The Early Crusades Mostly French army of over 10,000 capture Antioch (1098) and Jerusalem (1099) Mostly French army of over 10,000 capture Antioch (1098) and Jerusalem (1099) European victories marked by brutal massacres of the cities ’ inhabitants (Jewish, Christian and Muslim) European victories marked by brutal massacres of the cities ’ inhabitants (Jewish, Christian and Muslim) Four Crusader states established in Holy Land Four Crusader states established in Holy Land Italian ports grow rich from trade with Crusaders Italian ports grow rich from trade with Crusaders Muslims begin taking back land, Bernard of Clairvaux calls for 2 nd Crusade (failure) Muslims begin taking back land, Bernard of Clairvaux calls for 2 nd Crusade (failure) Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 1187 Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 1187 3 rd Crusade included Richard I of England, Philip II of France and Frederick Barbarossa 3 rd Crusade included Richard I of England, Philip II of France and Frederick Barbarossa Frederick drowns, Philip goes home, leaving Richard to negotiate with Saladin allowing Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem Frederick drowns, Philip goes home, leaving Richard to negotiate with Saladin allowing Christian pilgrims free access to Jerusalem

6. The Later Crusades Saladin dies in 1193, Pope Innocent III calls for Fourth Crusade in 1196 Saladin dies in 1193, Pope Innocent III calls for Fourth Crusade in 1196 On way to holy land, Crusades stops in Constantinople, crusaders sack the city in 1204 On way to holy land, Crusades stops in Constantinople, crusaders sack the city in 1204 Byzantine army recaptures city in 1261, empire is weak, remains that way until 1453 (Ottoman conq.) Byzantine army recaptures city in 1261, empire is weak, remains that way until 1453 (Ottoman conq.) 1212: Children ’ s Crusade 1212: Children ’ s Crusade Future Crusades also failures Future Crusades also failures

7. Crusaders Enter Constantinople

8. Effects of the Crusades Italy grows rich though trade with Crusaders Italy grows rich though trade with Crusaders Genoa, Pisa and Venice Genoa, Pisa and Venice Jews also targeted across Europe as infidels Jews also targeted across Europe as infidels Noblemen sell their land and free serfs before leaving to fight, as lords lose power, kings take more power creating centralized states Noblemen sell their land and free serfs before leaving to fight, as lords lose power, kings take more power creating centralized states Increased trade with the East provides more money for kings Increased trade with the East provides more money for kings 1400: Portugal, Spain, England & France emerge as strong, centralized kingdoms—flourish 1400: Portugal, Spain, England & France emerge as strong, centralized kingdoms—flourish

9. Chapter 6, Lesson 2 Review On page 116, write and answer questions 1-5