1. The Crusades: Military expeditions from Christian Europe to Palestine between the 11th and 13th centuries.
7th Grade World History

2. First Crusade

3. Reasons for the Crusades (Reasons to go to war)

4. (1) The Pope calls for Christians to reclaim the Holy Land
The Holy Land is the city of Jerusalem and the area around it, also called Palestine
It is sacred to Christians, Jews, and Muslims, who ALL make pilgrimages there
The Seljuk Turks (Muslims) had captured Palestine making Christian pilgrimages to the Holy Land impossible.
The Turks started to attack the Christian cities of the Byzantine Empire and the Byzantine Emperor asked the Pope for help.

5. The Holy Land

6. Other reasons for the Crusades…
(2) Success in warfare is a way for European feudal nobles (princes) to gain power
(3) Merchants wanted to gain access to rich trade routes to the east
(4) Peasants wanted a chance for adventure, treasures, and win favor with God.

7. The First Crusade

8. The First Crusade 1096 – 1099, the war lasted 4 years
In 1099, the Christian forces finally captured the city of Jerusalem
They divided the conquered land into 4 Crusader states: Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, and Jerusalem

10. The Second Crusade
1147 – 1149, Muslim Turks recaptured Edessa, one of the Crusader states
Christians kept control of the other states because Muslim leaders were not united, but that is about to change…
Saladin was a powerful Muslim leader who began to unify the Muslims in the region

11. Saladin

12. The Third Crusade 1189 – 1192, Saladin had recaptured Jerusalem
Richard the Lion-Hearted was a powerful Christian leader for the crusade because of his courage and skill
After 3 years of fighting, Saladin and Richard agreed on a truce in 1192
Muslims keep control of Jerusalem, but Christians are allowed to make pilgrimages.

13. Richard the Lion-Hearted

14. End of the Crusades There were more crusades
By 1270, the Muslims drove the Crusaders out of Palestine

15. Effects of the Crusades
Good…
Traders and pilgrims maintained an exchange of cultural ideas between Europe and Asia
Increased trade helped towns to grow
Bad…
Christians increased intolerance toward non-Christians
Reconquista and Inquisition are examples of this intolerance