1. The Crusades Feudalism

2. The Crusades / A series of holy wars between Christians and Muslims for control of the holy land of Jerusalem

3. Do NOT copy on to notes! / 1076 Seljuk Turks captured Jerusalem and began to restrict access of Christian pilgrims to the holy places. / 1095 Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus, threatened by Muslim advances towards Constantinople, appealed to the pope for help against the Seljuk Turks. Pope UrbanII proclaimed a holy war. / 1076 Seljuk Turks captured Jerusalem and began to restrict access of Christian pilgrims to the holy places. / 1095 Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus, threatened by Muslim advances towards Constantinople, appealed to the pope for help against the Seljuk Turks. Pope UrbanII proclaimed a holy war.

4. / COPY ON LY WHAT IS IN YELLOW / COPY ON LY WHAT IS IN YELLOW / 1096–99 Motivated by occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks. / 1096–99 First Crusade, led by Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Peter the Hermit. Motivated by occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks. / 1099 Capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders, accompanied by looting and massacre. A number of small crusader states established on the Syrian coast. / 1147–49 failed to capture Damascus and Edessa. / 1147–49 Second Crusade, led by Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III, failed to capture Damascus and Edessa. / COPY ON LY WHAT IS IN YELLOW / COPY ON LY WHAT IS IN YELLOW / 1096–99 Motivated by occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks. / 1096–99 First Crusade, led by Baldwin of Boulogne, Godfrey of Bouillon, and Peter the Hermit. Motivated by occupation of Anatolia and Jerusalem by Seljuk Turks. / 1099 Capture of Jerusalem by the crusaders, accompanied by looting and massacre. A number of small crusader states established on the Syrian coast. / 1147–49 failed to capture Damascus and Edessa. / 1147–49 Second Crusade, led by Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III, failed to capture Damascus and Edessa.

5. / 1189–92 led by Philip II Augustus of France and Richard I the Lion-Heart of England / 1189–92 Third Crusade, led by Philip II Augustus of France and Richard I the Lion-Heart of England, failed to recapture Jerusalem. / 1202–04 was diverted by its Venetian financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople. / 1202–04 Fourth Crusade, led by William of Montferrata and Baldwin of Hainault. Originally intended to recover the holy places, it was diverted by its Venetian financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople. / 1189–92 led by Philip II Augustus of France and Richard I the Lion-Heart of England / 1189–92 Third Crusade, led by Philip II Augustus of France and Richard I the Lion-Heart of England, failed to recapture Jerusalem. / 1202–04 was diverted by its Venetian financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople. / 1202–04 Fourth Crusade, led by William of Montferrata and Baldwin of Hainault. Originally intended to recover the holy places, it was diverted by its Venetian financial backers to sack and divide Constantinople.

6. / 1212 Children's Crusade. / Thousands of children crossed Europe on their way to Palestine but many were sold into slavery in Marseille, or died of disease and hunger. / 1212 Children's Crusade. / Thousands of children crossed Europe on their way to Palestine but many were sold into slavery in Marseille, or died of disease and hunger.

7. / 1228–29 Sixth Crusade, led by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Jerusalem recovered by negotiation with the sultan of Egypt. / 1244 Jerusalem finally lost, to remain in Turkish hands until liberated by the British general Allenby in 1917. / 1249–54 Seventh Crusade led by Louis IX of France. / 1270–72 Eighth Crusade, also led by Louis IX of France. / 1291 Acre, the last Christian fortress in Syria, fell to the Turks. / 1228–29 Sixth Crusade, led by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick II. Jerusalem recovered by negotiation with the sultan of Egypt. / 1244 Jerusalem finally lost, to remain in Turkish hands until liberated by the British general Allenby in 1917. / 1249–54 Seventh Crusade led by Louis IX of France. / 1270–72 Eighth Crusade, also led by Louis IX of France. / 1291 Acre, the last Christian fortress in Syria, fell to the Turks.

10. Krak des Chevaliers, Syria

11. The 10th Crusade - 2003?  This is a new kind of … a new kind of evil. And we understand. And the American people are beginning to understand. This crusade, this war on terrorism is going to take a while. September 16. 2001  This is a new kind of … a new kind of evil. And we understand. And the American people are beginning to understand. This crusade, this war on terrorism is going to take a while. September 16. 2001

12. The Green Zone

14. The 10th Crusade - 2003?

15. Causes / Muslims controlled the Holy Land and threatened Constantinople / Byzantine Emperor calls for help / Pope appeals to Christian knights / knight feel religious zeal and want land, riches, and adventure / Italian cities desire commercial power / Muslims controlled the Holy Land and threatened Constantinople / Byzantine Emperor calls for help / Pope appeals to Christian knights / knight feel religious zeal and want land, riches, and adventure / Italian cities desire commercial power

16. Effects / Byzantine Empire is weakened / Pope’s power declines / power of feudal nobles weakened / kings become stronger / religious intolerance grows / Italian cities expand trade and grow rich / Muslims distrust Christians / trade grows between Europe and Asia / Europeans adopt Muslim technology / Byzantine Empire is weakened / Pope’s power declines / power of feudal nobles weakened / kings become stronger / religious intolerance grows / Italian cities expand trade and grow rich / Muslims distrust Christians / trade grows between Europe and Asia / Europeans adopt Muslim technology