1. The Crusades

2. Call for Help Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus’s appeal (1093)
Come then, with all your people and give battle with all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall into the hands of the Turks…Therefore act while there is still time lest the kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from your sight and, what is more important, the Holy Sepulchre shall vanish. And in your coming you will find your reward in heaven, and if you do not come, God will condemn you.
Pope Urban II issued a call for a Crusade to regain control of the Holy Land

3. 1st and 2nd Crusades Assured a place in heaven “God wills it”
1097, 3 armies joined near
Constantinople
The Crusaders captured the
city on July 15, 1099
1144 Turks regained Edessa
2nd Crusade failed to capture
Edessa
1187 Jerusalem fell to Saladin

4. 3rd Crusade Recapturing Jerusalem
Richard the Lion-Hearted vs Saladin
Truce in 1192
Jerusalem remained under Muslim control
Later Crusades failed

5. Children’s Crusade 1212, French 12 year old boy, Stephen of Cloyes
Germany, Nicholas of Cologne
20,000 children and young adults

6. Spanish Crusade Muslims (Moors) controlled Spain until 1100s
Reconquista: drive the Muslims out
1400s Muslims held onto Granada
1492, Christians took over Granada under Ferdinand and Isabella
Imposed the Inquisition

7. Effects of the Crusades
Women had more opportunity
Trade expanded from Europe to Southwest Asia
Lessened power of the pope
Intolerance and prejudice; left Muslims bitter and angry towards Christians (still present)