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Published byGodfrey Howard Strickland Modified over 9 years ago
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The Early Middle Ages
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The beginning of the Early Middle Ages Decline of trade, town-life, learning Law and order fell with governments Christian/Catholic Church gives Europe unity
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Charlemagne Frank ruler in 800’s Unites much of Europe –Spread new medieval culture The Empire falls –Vikings, Muslims, Magyars cause disorder –People turn to lords for protection
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Feudalism and Manorialism Feudalism- system of govt. and landowning –Exchange of military aid for land by greater lords –Vassal- noble who received land –Peasants/serfs- farmed land for protection Manor- basic economic unit –Self-sufficient
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New Forces in Medieval Europe
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Agricultural changes of 11 th and 12 th century New land New inventions Results: –Larger population demanding new goods –Towns develop- middle class emerges –Middle class takes part in govt.
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Effects of national unification Towns strengthen monarchs –Lords lose power Magna Carta (England 1066) –Limited monarchy created- power checked France united slowly –Absolute monarchy- ruler has total power
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Catholic Church and National Unity Pope’s power delays unification- disputes with Holy Roman Emperor Church’s problem of the 900’s –Monarchs control churches, monasteries –Corruption, disunity- people turn to new religions –Heresy battled (holding beliefs church considers wrong) –Inquisition in Spain
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Crusades 1095 Purpose: Pope Urban II encourages crusade to save the Holy Land from the Turks Outcome: Crusades failed Results: –Reduction of prestige of popes –Feudalism weakened –Monarchs power increases –Trade between Europe and East stimulated
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Europe in the Late Medieval Ages
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A Learning Revival Causes: –Growing trade –Growing town-life –Contact with Byzantine and Muslim Civs. –Middle Class- schools and universities open
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Art Religious in theme Cathedrals- main art form
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A Learning Revival Church and its doctrine (Bible based) relied on Thomas Aquinas- reason used to defend Christian teaching
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End of the Middle Ages Changes occur in Europe –Famine and plague –Political unrest –Prolonged warfare Monarchs grow in importance Reform urged for church Growth of towns and middle class
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Church Crisis in the Middle Ages
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Boniface VIII 1296 Bull issued- Kings not tax clergy –Why? Stop Philip the Fair (IV) from taxing –Not successful bull ignored
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Boniface VIII 1302 Unam Sanctam- spiritual over temporal (pope more powerful than kings) –Response- Philip tries to kidnap Pope –**Last time popes force obedience
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Philip IV Takes Action 1305 Philip influences College of Cardinals –French Pope Clement V elected –Clement moves papacy to Avignon (67 yrs) –Babylonian Captivity- Italians, Germans, English believe Pope was French kings toy
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Great Schism 1378 Pope Gregory XI dies while in Italy –College of Cardinals chooses Italian Pope Urban VI –Papacy moves back to Rome French elect own Pope Clement VII 1378-1417 2 popes –Church greatly divided
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Great Schism Ends Huss & Wycliffe criticize church 1414 Council of Constance –3 popes = Avignon, Roman, one elected by the council HRE forces all to resign –New pope- Martin V Shadow cast on pope’s authority
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