1. Warm Up: p. 34 1.What would you be willing to go to war for (or fight for)? Why? 2.What would you be unwilling to go to war for? Why? “A Man who stands for nothing will fall for anything.” –Malcolm X

2. Crusades Guided Notes p. 35

3. What were the Crusades? Volunteer armies from Catholic Europe attacked Muslims in order to gain control over Jerusalem. These Holy Wars between Catholic Europe and the Muslims were called the Crusades. Lets go capture Jerusalem from the Muslims! Crusaders Battle between the Muslims and the Catholic Crusaders

4. Why all the fighting? Christians, Muslims, and Jews all believe that the city of Jerusalem is a holy place. To Muslims it was where Muhammad ascended into Heaven. To Jews it was the promised land. To Christians it was where Jesus was crucified. From 600 CE – 1095 CE, Muslims ruled Jerusalem. In 1095 CE a new group of Muslims took over Jerusalem and stopped allowing Christians and Jews to enter Jerusalem.

5. A Call to Arms! Pope Urban II called upon Catholics of all social classes to fight the Muslims to regain control of Jerusalem. This was called a crusade, or a Holy War About 30,000 men volunteered and left to fight. “Just War” Leave your homes and go to Jerusalem to fight! It is the will of God! Pope Urban II

7. Why did individuals participate in the Crusades? “For knights, this was a chance to use their fighting skills, something they enjoyed and did well. They were delighted to have such a worthy battle to fight. For peasants, this was a chance to escape from their dreary life in the feudal system. The pope promised that if they died while fighting a holy crusade, they would automatically be welcomed into heaven. For others, it was a chance to have an adventure, and perhaps even to get rich.” (From http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/crusades.html) Finally a chance to use all my fighting training! Maybe I’ll even get rich! My life is horrible. At least if I die, I’ll go straight to heaven. Unorganized attackers..

8. The end of the first crusade After a siege of the city, Jerusalem fell to the Christians. Some stayed in the cities, others returned to their homes in Western Europe Those who returned brought cultural and scientific advancements from the Islamic civilization

9. More Crusades!? 9 crusades in all, not all launched by popes During the 3 rd Crusade, Saladin leads the Arabs to victory. Arabs again control Jerusalem – Saladin makes a treaty with Richard the Lionheart that allowed unarmed Christians to enter into the Holy Land Muslims control Jerusalem until the 20 th century

10. What were the effects of the Crusades? 1) As a result of the Crusades, Europeans learned about the advanced technology that Muslims had created. Islamic civilization was advanced in science and medicine.

11. What were the effects of the Crusades? 2) Western Europe began to trade more directly with the East. Cultural Diffusion

12. What were the effects of the Crusades? 3) The system of feudalism was broken down. The Crusades weakened the power of individual lords and nobles. Kings and the Pope gained more power. Everyone is leaving their manor for me! I seem to be a lot more powerful than any one lord…. Pope

14. Effects of the Crusades on Europe Work with an elbow-partner to read through the list FIRST: list 5 significant changes brought about by the Crusades beneath your warm up on p.34 SECOND: answer the questions on the sheet.

15. Before and After the Crusades: Fold a sheet of blank paper in ½ On one ½, label it “before the Crusades” On the other ½ label it “after the crusades” Using what you know from life before the crusades and what you learned today, draw and label at least four images on both sides of the sheet

16. Israel/Palestine