3. Quick Review – Causes of the Crusades  Turks control Holy Land in 1071  Turks threaten Constantinople in the 1090s  Byzantine emperor asks Pope Urban II for help

4. European Motives  Control the Holy LAND(land)  Control the HOLY Land (religion)  Protect Christianity & Christian Pilgrims  Help Byzantines  Control New Land & End Primogeniture

5. First Crusade – 1095 - 1099  Between 5,000 and 35,000 men left on Crusade  Most peasants die on the way  Stop in Germany  Peasants attack Jews  Causes tension between Christians and Jews

6. First Crusade – 1095 - 1099  Christians took control of Jerusalem  Knights and nobles found unorganized Muslim army  Around 2,000

7. “ Some of our men cut off the heads of their enemies; others shot them with arrows, so that they fell from the towers; others tortured them longer by casting them into the flames. Piles of heads, hands and feet were to be seen in the streets of the city. It was necessary to pick one's way over the bodies of men and horses. But these were small matters compared to what happened at the temple of Solomon, a place where religious services ware ordinarily chanted. What happened there? If I tell the truth, it will exceed your powers of belief. So let it suffice to say this much at least, that in the temple and portico of Solomon, men rode in blood up to their knees and bridle reins.”

8. First Crusade – 1095 - 1099  Considered the most successful  Europeans set up kingdoms in the Holy Land  Began trading with Europe

9. Second Crusade – 1147-1149  Muslims are taking back land  French and Germans decide to get land back

10. Second Crusade – 1147-1149 Crusade fails  Poor planning  Heavy losses on the way to the Holy Land

11. Third Crusade – 1187-1192  France, England, Germany and the Holy Roman Empire go to Holy Land  Problems  German king dies  French king leaves

12. Third Crusade – 1187-1192 Key Players  Saladin  Muslim leader  Known for kindness and honor  Richard I  King of England  Earned the respect of both sides as a leader

13. Fourth Crusade – 1202-1204  Knights arrive in Venice in 1201 to sail to the Holy Land  Knights don’t have $$ to pay for trip  Knights attack city of Zara for payment  Sack Constantinople

14. Draw Me!! The Crusades CausesEffects 1. 2. 3.