3. Anna Akin Betsy McQueen Andrew Piazza Erin Robertson Erin Roosth Sarah West Chapter 35, Lesson 1 and 4

4. Topics Heat Illness Alcohol Poisoning Burns Shock Sprains & Fractures

5. Is it my responsibility? Your decision to act or not to provide aid to someone Duty to Care - if properly trained in first aid and “on duty”; you are responsible to act Will I be legally safe if I decide to act?

6. When someone needs help: Immediate Actions Is there possible danger for you nearby? Is the victim in immediate danger? Are there others who can help you? Is there a telephone, cell phone, or form of EMS nearby? How many are injured? How are they injured? Where is your location?

7. When discovering an injured/ill person: 1.If victim is responsive, introduce yourself before you touch him/her 2.If the victim agrees, you may give first aid 3.If the victim doesn’t agree, phone for help (911) or send another for help 4.If victim is confused, can not answer or unconscious, assume that they would want your help

8. Find the Problem… When helping the victim : 1.Look, observe, feel to see if victim is breathing 2.Look for any obvious signs of injury 3.Look for medical information jewelry

9. Heat Illnesses Heat Exhaustion Heatstroke

10. Heat Exhaustion Form of shock that occurs when the body looses too much water and too many electrolytes through very heavy sweating after exposure to heat

11. Heat Exhaustion: Signs & Symptoms Nausea Dizziness Weak Pulse Profuse sweating Lightheadedness Cool and clammy skin Normal Body Temperature

12. Treatment of Heat Exhaustion Move to cool location Drink sips of water Sports drinks Salty foods

13. Heatstroke Long exposure to heat Overwhelms body’s sweating mechanism Unable to automatically cool body If untreated, can result in death!

14. Heatstroke: Signs & Symptoms Nausea Dizziness Confusion Hot, dry, and red skin Rapid, strong pulse Throbbing headache High Body Temperature Semiconscious (or unconscious)

15. Treatment of Heat Cramps Rest in a cool environment Drink cool salt water or sports drink

16. Treatment of Dehydration Get out of the heat Small sips of water Sports drinks Salty food

17. Prevention of Heat Illness Avoid strenuous activity in hot weather Drink plenty of fluids – Don’t wait! Light and loose-fitting clothes Lightly salted food helps Stay cool!

18. Alcohol Poisoning A condition in which toxic amount of alcohol has been drunk, usually in a short period of time.

19. What Happens to Your Body? Alcohol slows down: –Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Breathing When your body is deprived of oxygen, you become unconscious This can lead to irreversible brain damage or death

20. Alcohol Effects

21. Signs of Alcohol Poisoning Mental confusion Unable to walk on his or her own Conscious, but unable to respond Unconscious and unable to awake Cold, clammy, pale, or bluish skin Strong odor of alcohol and/or vomit Slow or irregular breathing: <8 beats/min Not waking up during or after vomiting

22. What To Do if Alcohol Poisoning is Suspected Try to wake the person up Turn the person on his/her side DO NOT leave the person alone Do not wait for all symptoms to show up Call for help, 9-1-1 Remember: It is better to be safe than sorry!

23. Burn Classifications

24. Causes likely at a football game Sun over-exposure Exposure to hot liquids Electrical –May cause internal burn not visible from the outside

25. First-degree Burns Reddened and painful skin Outermost layers of skin Generally heals in about a week Most common burn associated with sunburns

26. Sunburn Prevention Apply sunscreen 1-2 hours before sun exposure Wear a wide-brim hat Wear loose-fitting, dry clothing Cover up, even on cloudy days

27. Sunburn treatment Sooth the burn with cool water –Submersion –Cool cloth If the skin blisters, do not pop the blister. Vitamin C treatment Morning after treatment

28. Second-degree Burns Deeper than superficial, but does not damage the deepest layers of skin Blistering is present Moderate to severe pain Requires medical treatment

29. Hot liquids or oils First or second-degree burn Can be prevented by using extreme caution when handling products. If clothing is saturated, remove clothing to prevent further burning.

30. Treating a second-degree burn Rinse with clean, cool water Keep blisters intact After area is cooled, cover with a dry, sterile dressing to prevent infection Seek medical treatment

31. Third-degree Burns Damages all layers of skin May be injure muscle and other tissue Generally no pain Susceptible to shock and infection Requires medical treatment

32. Treating a third-degree burn: Lightning Strike Make sure area is safe Call 911 Cool area with clean water Cut away clothing around burn Leave clothing that is stuck to burn Cover with a dry, sterile dressing Treat for shock

33. Shock The failure of the cardiovascular system to keep adequate blood circulating to the vital organs of the body

34. Signs of Shock Victim may feel weak, faint, or dizzy Act restless, agitated, or confused Cold, and clammy to touch Pale or grayish skin

35. Shock Treatment Safe Scene Call 911 Help victim lie on his/her back If no leg injury or pain, raise the victim’s legs just above the level of the heart Use pressure to stop bleeding Cover Victim to keep him/her warm Victim may vomit, so keep airway clear

36. Give Me A Break… Fracture : a break in a bone, usually caused by significant force. Two kinds –Closed: bone is broken, but does not break the skin. –Open: bone is broken and overlaying skin is lacerated.

37. Sprains A sprain is a joint injury caused by excessive stretching of the supporting ligaments.

38. Strains A strain is an injury resulting from over- stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon.

39. Treatment for Strains and Sprains Seek Medical Help R.I.C.E. –Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate Rehabilitation exercises Activity Modification