1. Demographics demos – the people graphy – writing about, recording
DEFINITION: writing about the people

2. DEMOGRAPHICS – Learning Goals
Explain concepts related to demography
Describe population trends in Canada and around the world
Explain the significance of immigration to Canadian society
Assess the impact of demographic change

3. WHY ARE DEMOGRAPHICS IMPORTANT? (BEFORE)

4. STUDYING GROWING TRENDS
DEMOGRAPHY – the statistical study of population
Used in forming public policy, marketing
Reveals important details about ethnicity, age, gender
What are important demographic trends that social scientists need to study?

5. DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS
Fertility rate – measured using the crude birth rate (the number of live births per 1,000 people per year)
Mortality rate – measured using the crude death rate (the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year)
Migration – movement of people into and out of an area
Analyzed together to measure overall population changes

6. CONCEPTS, cont’d
Population Composition – the demographic profile of a population (societies, nations, world religions, other groups)
Sex Ratio – the number of men per 100 women
Population Pyramid – population distribution by sex and age

8. DEMOGRAPHIC THEORIES Malthusian Theory (Thomas Malthus)
Factors that control human population are war, famine and disease
These “positive checks” increased mortality rates
“preventative checks” such as birth control and celibacy reduced fertility rates
As population grows exponentially, people would run out of food, causing war over scarce resources and reducing the population

9. THEORIES, cont’d Zero-Population Growth (Paul Ehrlich)
The world is moving toward environmental collapse
Advocated for a goal of zero population growth (ZPG)
Support for this idea is mixed but still considered possible

10. THEORIES, cont’d Cornucopian Theory
Asserts that human ingenuity can resolve issues as they develop
If we need more food, for instance, scientists will find a way to grow more
Humans have adapted for thousands of years – no reason it will stop

11. Demographic Transition Theory
Future population growth will develop along a predictable model
Stage 1 – birth, death, infant mortality rates are all high; life expectancy is short
Stage 2 – birth rates are higher; infant mortality and death rates drop while life expectancy increases
Stage 3 – as society is industrialized, birth rates decline, life expectancy increases and death rates continue to decrease
Stage 4 – the postindustrial era; birth and death rates are low, people live longer; leads to population stability

12. POPULATION TRENDS Canada: Population of 34 278 400 (2011)
Total number of immigrants in 2013: 258,953
Total number of births in 2013/14: 385,937
Total number deaths in 2013/14: 256,721
What other trends do you notice? - tableaux/sum-som/l01/ind01/l3_3867-eng.htm?hili_none

13. AFRICA
EUROPE

14. IMMIGRATION IN CANADA

16. POPULATION TRENDS, cont’d
CANADA
553/vignettes/FamFlash-eng.cfm
THE WORLD

17. WHY ARE DEMOGRAPHICS IMPORTANT? (AFTER)