1. Persuasive Appeals and Techniques These are not the droids you’re looking for.

2. Aristotle’s Three Persuasive Appeals

3. Aristotle is thought to be one of the greatest philosophers, teachers, and thinkers of all time.

4. In his famous work, Rhetoric (finished 322 BCE), Aristotle identifies three major types of persuasive appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos.

5. LOGOS – a logical appeal Appeal to the intellect of your audience using organization and proof (evidence)

6. Climate Change: Logos Arguments

7. PATHOS – an emotional appeal Appeal to the heart of your audience by affecting your audience’s feelings of love, anger, disgust, fear, compassion, patriotism, or other emotions

8. Climate Change: Pathos Arguments

9. ETHOS – a personal, ethical appeal The audience buys the message because they trust the messenger. They believe the messenger because of his or her honesty, reputation, competency, fairness and credentials.

10. Climate Change: Ethos Arguments Gabriele Hegerl, research professor at Duke's School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Vice President, Al Gore in An Inconvenient Truth

11. Persuasive Techniques

12. 1. allusion a reference to someone or something that is already known from history, literature, religion, politics, sports, or popular culture

13. 1. allusion The force was with him the day he took the English III test.

14. Don’t confuse allusion with illusion

15. 2. rhetorical question A question asked for an effect, not actually requiring an answer.

16. 2. rhetorical question How many roads must a man walk down before you call him a man? Yes, an’ how many seas must a white dove sail before she sleeps in the sand? Yes, an’ how many times must the cannon balls fly before they’re forever banned? Bob Dylan, “Blowin’ in the Wind”

17. 3. repetition the repetition of words, phrases, and ideas for emphasis or impact …you want to fall on him, weeping, because you are so lonely, so lonely always, and all contact is contact, and all contact makes us so grateful we want to cry and dance and cry and cry. »Dave Eggers, “Accident”

18. 3. repetition “Because it is my name!...How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! John “The Stallion” Proctor

19. 4. parallel structure the repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures. “…government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

20. 4. parallel structure "Our transportation crisis will be solved by a bigger plane or a wider road, mental illness with a pill, poverty with a law, slums with a bulldozer, urban conflict with a gas, racism with a goodwill gesture." --Philip Slater, The Pursuit of Loneliness.

21. 4. parallel structure "Humanity has advanced, when it has advanced, not because it has been sober, responsible, and cautious, but because it has been playful, rebellious, and immature. --Tim Robbins, actor/writer/director