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1 Geology 1001/1101 Sec 003 Chris Paola Class 10: the water planet
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2 Chapter 11 THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE AND GROUNDWATER
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3 Key ideas about water Fresh vs salt vs ice Surface vs ground water vs ice Water availability –Aquifers and groundwater flow –Areas of high and low rainfall; deserts Ocean flow
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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In mantle: ~ one ocean’s worth?
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company 96 %
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company 3 %
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company 1 %
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company <<1 %
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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13 Controls on water availability: rainfall & surface water
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14 Global air flow determines large- scale rainfall patterns Mars: one cell per hemisphere
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16 Earth: 3 cells per hemisphere wet dry
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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19 Deserts are NOT: Hot Desert misconceptions
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21 Deserts are NOT: Sand Seas
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24 Deserts are NOT: Rare
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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29 Controls on water availability: groundwater
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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31 Groundwater visible
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Jordan, The Essential Earth 1e © 2008 by W. H. Freeman and Company
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49 Saltwater intrusion
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50 Water in the world ocean
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52 Sea salt What’s in it? How salty is the ocean? Where does the salt come from? Why isn’t there more of it?
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53 Sea salt
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54 Ocean vertical profiles
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55 Ocean circulation Wind (surface to ~ 1000 m) Density differences: thermohaline First meet M. Coriolis…
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56 Coriolis force
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57 Coriolis force Coriolis animation
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58 Coriolis force
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59 Coriolis force Coriolis + centrifugal movie
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60 Coriolis force Coriolis always acts relative to the direction of motion: 90 deg to right in the NH 90 deg to left in the SH
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61 Coriolis force How large is the Coriolis force? Why don’t you feel it when you walk around? Why does it change sign as we cross the equator? http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/BadCoriolis.html
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62 Coriolis force
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63 Coriolis force Lo P Pressure Coriolis
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66 Coriolis force
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68 Ocean currents
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70 Ocean currents
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71 Ocean currents
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72 Modeling ocean surface movie
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73 Misconception: The deep (thermohaline or density-driven) circulation
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74 Air Circulation: Familiar Simple Symmetrical
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75 Why does ocean water sink? Water is heated & cooled, but…
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76 Why does ocean water sink?
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77 Why does ocean water sink?
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78 Why does ocean water sink?
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79 Why does ocean water sink?
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80 Why does ocean water sink?
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81 Why does ocean water sink?
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82 Why does ocean water sink?
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83 Why does ocean water sink? The polar water that sinks fastest is saltier water from tropics!
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85 Why does ocean water rise?
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86 Why does ocean water rise? Not Temperature!
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87 Why does ocean water rise? Not Temperature! Not Salinity!
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88 Why does ocean water rise? Not Temperature! 1 wind Not Salinity!
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89 Wind blows surface water away, Why does ocean water rise? Not Temperature! 1 wind 2 Not Salinity!
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90 Wind blows surface water away, allowing deeper water to rise Why does ocean water rise? Not Temperature! 1 wind 2 3 Not Salinity!
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91 Coriolis moves water to right (NH) of wind
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92 Upwelling & downwelling
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93 Upwelling
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98 Extras
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100 Ocean currents
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101 Ocean circulation
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102 El Niño
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103 El Niño
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104 SST anom movie
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