1. Remotely Operated Vehicle
Image courtesy of NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, INDEX-SATAL 2010
Little Hercules
ROV:
Remotely Operated Vehicle

2. Knowledge of the Ocean
QUIZ!!!

3. Average depth of the ocean: 6 miles 0.5 miles 2.65 miles 15 miles
Mandy-Rae Cruickshank is a world-record free-diver

4. The average depth of the ocean is about 4,267 m (14,000 feet, approx 2
The average depth of the ocean is about 4,267 m (14,000 feet, approx 2.65 miles).
MARSH
Town Hall

5. What is the deepest part of the ocean?
Mariana Trench
Cayman Trench
Peru-Chile Trench
Tonga Trench

6. Challenger Deep is approximately 11,030 meters (36,200 feet) deep.
Pacific Ocean

7. Mariana Trench vs. Mt. Everest
6.86 miles deep
5.50 miles above sea level
Image from:

8. <180m (~600 ft) Florida Plain 2,500 m (~8,300 ft) Sigsbee Deep
Dauphin Island
<180m (~600 ft)
Florida Plain 2,500 m
(~8,300 ft)
Sigsbee Deep
~3,600m
(~11,800 ft)

9. The average temperature of the deep ocean is:

10. Temperature in the ocean remains relatively constant until the shallows of the twilight zone
Water temperature in the deepest parts of the ocean averages about 36°F (2°C).

11. Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some trenches
Sea level
Sunlit Zone
(Epiplelagic)
660 ft (200 m)
Twilight Zone
(Mesopelagic)
3,300 ft (1,000m)
Dark Zone
(Bathypelagic)
9,800 ft (4,000 m)
Abyssal Zone
(Abyssopelagic)
16,400 ft (5,000 m)
Hadal Zone
(Hadopelagic)
19,700 ft (6,000 m)
Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some trenches

12. 1 atmosphere of pressure: the pressure inside your lungs is the same as the pressure around you.
Koko Crater, Oahu
Sea level

13. In the ocean, pressure works the same way.
2,500 meters = 250 atmospheres of pressure
That’s about what your big toe would feel like if an elephant were standing on it!
Water is heavier than air!

14. How long can you
hold your breath?

15. World Record Holder – 160m on a single breath!!! (6+ minutes!)
Tanya Streeter – The Woman Who Dives the Deepest
World Record Holder – 160m on a single breath!!!
(6+ minutes!)
That equals approx 1 ½ football fields!!!!!

16. 1935, Credit: OAR/National Undersea Research Program (NURP)

17. – Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
S.C.U.B.A.
– Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus

18. The 22 year old Mexican reached this depth on April 20, 2010
DEEPEST Guinness VERIFIED SCUBA DIVE = m
Nuno Gomes
The 22 year old Mexican reached this depth on April 20, 2010
Descent = 9 min
324 m
Ascent =135 min

19. Why do these boats not sink?
Because they are “positively buoyant.”

20. Neutrally buoyant
Negatively buoyant

21. How are these fish “neutrally buoyant”?
SWIM BLADDER
How are these fish “neutrally buoyant”?
OILY LIVER

22. Cartesian Diver
activity

23. Submersible
The Alvin underwater. Image courtesy of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institutions (WHOI)
The vessel weighs 17 tons. It allows for two scientists and one pilot to dive for up to nine hours at 4500 meters (15,000 ft).

24. Alvin in History Hydrogen bomb The Titanic
Hydrothermal Vent - Black smoker

25. Ann Curry and the Alvin

26. Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)
tether
ROV Hercules
Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV)

27. John Riley, ROV Pilot

28. MILITARY – retrieve missiles, search for mines
Uses of ROVs
MILITARY – retrieve missiles, search for mines

29. Oil & Gas industry – offshore development
Uses of ROVs
Oil & Gas industry – offshore development
BP Oil Spill 2010

30. Marine Science – seafloor mapping, study ocean habitats
Uses of ROVs
Marine Science – seafloor mapping, study ocean habitats
“Bumpy”

31. Communication cables, energy source & Info transfer

32. Small Electric Vehicle
Types of ROVs
Small Electric Vehicle
Single camera, dive no deeper than 300 m (984 ft)
Used by Science & Military

33. High Capability Electric Vehicle
Dive to depths of 6,096 m (20,000 ft)
have cameras, but can’t perform detailed tasks
Used by Science & Military

34. Work Class Vehicle Powered electronically & hydraulically
7 function manipulator
5 function grabber
Drilling and construction/pipeline
Person!

35. Heavy Work Class Vehicle
Dives 3000 m (10,000 ft)
multiple manipulators & grabbers

36. Autonomous Underwater
Vehicle (AUV)
Not yet available in consumer market.
Programmed missions
Battery power
Less cost, deeper dives, longer missions
(No real-time video available)
There are International competitions for the best design.

37. ROV Review http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/robotics/vehicles.html
***This is in your Resource folder on the flash drive.

38. Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some trenches
Sea level
Sunlit Zone
(Epiplelagic)
660 ft (200 m)
525ft (160m)
1,043ft (318m)
Twilight Zone
(Mesopelagic)
3,300 ft (1,000m)
3280 ft (1000m)
3300 ft (1,005m)
Dark Zone
(Bathypelagic)
9,800 ft (4,000 m)
6,561 ft (2000m)
2500 m (feed b/t m)
8,000ft (2,438m)
Abyssal Zone
(Abyssopelagic)
16,400 ft (5,000 m)
14,8000 ft (4500m)
Hadal Zone
(Hadopelagic)
19,700 ft (6,000 m)
19,685ft (6,000m)
Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some trenches
35,797ft (10,911m) 38

39. How deep can you go?

40. Fish that live exclusively below 6,000 m
Fish from the ocean trenches like this rat-tail (left) look less strange than those that live in the mid-waters, such as this fangtooth (right)

44. Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some trenches
Sea level
Sunlit Zone
(Epiplelagic)
660 ft (200 m)
Twilight Zone
(Mesopelagic)
3,300 ft (1,000m)
Dark Zone
(Bathypelagic)
9,800 ft (4,000 m)
Abyssal Zone
(Abyssopelagic)
16,400 ft (5,000 m)
Hadal Zone
(Hadopelagic)
19,700 ft (6,000 m)
Up to 36,100 feet (11,000 m) in some trenches

48. DENSITY = Temperature, Salinity and Pressure
Cold water is more dense than warm water
Salty water is more dense than fresh water

49. HMS Challenger

50. A submarine is a watercraft capable of independent operation below the surface of the water.
a submersible has more limited underwater capability
Submersibles typically have shorter range, and operate underwater almost exclusively, having little function at the surface. Many submersibles operate on a "tether" or "umbilical", remaining connected to a tender (a submarine, surface vessel or platform).