1. FOREIGN POLICY OF LENIN’S RUSSIA Michael Han Maura Brown Conor Doyle Katie Farnsworth

2. TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK  Bolsheviks claimed they wanted peace and to end the war. They promised to deliver “peace, bread and land” to Russian.  However, Lenin really wanted to transform WWI into an international civil war.  Central Powers agreed to an armistice on Eastern Front while making a treaty.  A peace treaty was negotiated by Lenin’s lieutenant, Trotsky, with Imperial Germany and her allies in Polish town Brest Litovsk on Dec. 3, 1917.

3. TREATY OF BREST-LITOVSK  Trotsky had the task to try to end Russian participation in WWI without having to grant territory to the Central Powers.  He delayed as long as he could in hopes that the socialist revolutions would spread from Russia to Germany and Austria-Hungary before he had to sign.  After 9 weeks of disagreement, Germany was told to resume its advance and attack on Eastern Front of Russia.  Lenin was forced to order Trotsky to sign because of the German invasion.

4. EFFECTS OF THE TREATY  Treaty resulted in Russia surrendering Ukraine, Finland, the Baltic provinces, the Caucasus and Poland to the Central Powers, giving up 1/3 of Russian population, 1/3 of agricultural land, and 3/4 of its industries.  Anti-Bolshevik Russians were enraged that the Bolsheviks signed the treaty, giving up so much of their country.  They took up arms against Bolsheviks, with allied forces.  They hoped to rebuild Eastern Front.

5. CIVIL WAR  Following October revolution in 1917, Lenin’s Bolsheviks soon found themselves in civil war with the conservative White Guard, who supported the Allies  Russians withdrew from World War I (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)  As a result, the Allies lost an ally against Germany Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity

6. ALLIED INTERVENTION  Allies were focused on the war against Germany, not about fighting communism  Joined the White Guard in 1917 to re-establish the Eastern Front and weaken Germany  Japan sent a large amount of forces, as retribution of the Russo- Japanese War of 1904-5  This would only last for 1 year; the Allies withdrew from Russia in 1918

7. WHY?  Only committed a few thousand troops total  Unmotivated and half-hearted  Minimal levels of financial support  Their withdrawal paved the way for the Bolsheviks to handily win the war. Country# of Battle Deaths Russia500,000 UK350 France50 US275 Japan1500 Finland50

8. COMINTERN  Comintern – Communist International; Third International  Lenin was a major influence in the creation ("With Friendship" )

9. COMINTERN CONT.  President of the Comintern: Grigory Zinoviev  Lenin was the person pulling the strings though.  Main goal of the Comintern: to establish Communist parties across the world to aid in the world revolution. ("True Knowledge" )

10. COMINTERN CONT.  Held seven Congresses between 1919 and 1935  Had diversified membership from all over the world  Had twenty-one conditions that needed to be followed to be a part of the Comintern

11. PEOPLE IN POWER  Lenin  Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan  Lev Trotsky  Vi Kyuin Wellington Koo

12. RELATIONS WITH CHINA  TO THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC(September 27, 1920)  AGREEMENT ON GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF QUESTIONS BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

13. MORE PEOPLE IN POWER  Woodrow Wilson  Lenin  Provisional Government

14. RELATIONS WITH AMERICA  Yury Lomonosov Railways  Woodrow Wilson Secretly funding enemies Refusal to cooperate with Lomonosov

15. WORKS CITED  Smele, Dr. Jonathan. “War and Revolution in Russia 1914-1921.” bbc.co.uk. Retrieved November 17, 2011, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml#four http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml#four  Simkin, John. “Brest-Litovsk Treaty.” spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk. Retrieved November 17, 2011, from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWbrest.htmhttp://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWbrest.htm  The National Archives. "Allied intervention in Russia, 1918-19." Accessed November 25, 2011. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/spotlights/allies.htm. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/spotlights/allies.htm  Smele, Dr. Jonathan. "War and Revolution in Russia 1914 - 1921." BBC. Accessed November 25, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/eastern_front_01.shtml  George Mason University. "Much Ado About Nothing: Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War." Accessed November 25, 2011. http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/museum/muchado.htm. http://econfaculty.gmu.edu/bcaplan/museum/muchado.htm  "True Knowledge." Accessed November 23, 2011. http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/facts_about__grigory_zinoviev.http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/facts_about__grigory_zinoviev  "With Friendship." Accessed November 23, 2011. http://withfriendship.com/user/levis/comintern.php.http://withfriendship.com/user/levis/comintern.php  True Knowledge. http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/facts_about__lev_karakhan.http://www.trueknowledge.com/q/facts_about__lev_karakhan  "1919, Karakhan - Soviet Russia." China's External Relations - A History. http://www.chinaforeignrelations.net/node/243 (accessed November 25, 2011)http://www.chinaforeignrelations.net/node/243  "Other Soviet Union Trains for Sale." Dave's Trains, Inc.. www.davestrains.com/sovother.html (accessed November 25, 2011).www.davestrains.com/sovother.html