1. 1 Planning for Success in Transformation and the Future Bill Nicholls Deputy Director, Environmental Readiness & Safety ODUSD(I&E) 12 th Annual EUCOM Partnership for Peace Environmental Conference Bucharest, Romania 31 May 2004

2. 17 March 2003 2 U.S. Defense Posture: Cold War (1985) > 15,000 Personnel LEGEND Europe: 358,000 personnel East Asia: 125,000 personnel Legacy from the end of 20 th century wars Forces were located and equipped to fight where they were based. > 5,000 Personnel > 25,000 Personnel > 100,000 Personnel Persian Gulf: 9,000 personnel (afloat)

3. 17 March 2003 3 U.S. Defense Posture: Post-Cold War (1995-2002) > 5,000 Personnel > 15,000 Personnel > 25,000 Personnel LEGEND Europe: ~118,000 personnel East Asia: ~89,000 personnel US no longer assumes we know where our forces will have to operate—and no longer assumes they will fight where they are based. Persian Gulf: 8,000-25,000 personnel Force concentrations

4. 17 March 2003 4 Strengthening Global Defense Posture Unprecedented destructive power of terrorists and rogue states Demonstrated vulnerability of U.S. and allied territories Proliferation of NBC weapons and missiles Battle of ideas in the global war on terrorism Ungoverned areas as breeding grounds for global terrorism Key states at strategic crossroads Threats requiring immediate response – often military Uncertainty and surprise are defining elements of today’s global strategic environment

5. 17 March 2003 5 Global Defense Posture Strategy Expand allied roles, build new partnerships Maintain flexibility to contend with uncertainty Focus within and across regions Develop rapidly deployable capabilities Focus on capabilities, not numbers Global Posture = Presence suitable to each region + Ability to act promptly and globally

6. 17 March 2003 6 Global Basing Final Selection of Bases Due Later in 2004 Move Eastward is Clear Capabilities and Structure –Smaller presence –More flexible, faster –Fully deployable –Camp Bondsteel “architecture”

7. 17 March 2003 7 Environmental Role in Basing Environment will play a role in All Aspects of New Basing Options –Site selection –Facilities design –Protection of military and local populations Inputs from and Interaction with Potential Host Nation Authorities will be Vital

8. 17 March 2003 8 Environmental Challenges Determine Potential Environmental Threats Prior to Site Selection and/or Usage –Identify and “baseline” environmental conditions at potential sites –Utilize ESOH information in decision process Emphasis on Life Cycle Aspects –Force health protection –Understand environmental liability –Address current and potential encroachment –Focus on long-term sustainability

9. 17 March 2003 9 Planning for Success “If you build it, they will come….” History shows: Military base attracts development of local economy Expanded population strains existing infrastructure –Roads –Utilities –Water/sewage system Planning to minimize current and future encroachment Buffer zones Building restrictions GOAL: Work together to protect the sustainability of the mission and the local community

10. 17 March 2003 10 ENCROACHMENT PRESSURES Frequency Management Galileo Noise Abatement ESA and Wildlife Habitat Natura 2000 Maritime Issues LFA Sonar Cultural Sites Population Encroachment Ability to Train Air Space Congestion & Competition Single European Sky Reduced Flexibility Commercial Development Wilderness Designations Natura 2000 Air Quality Low Sulfur fuels; ODS UXO and Constituents REACH

11. 17 March 2003 11 European Union Effects EU Requirements Must be Considered when Deciding on Potential US Bases –Natura 2000 –Noise restrictions, etc. Challenge of Harmonizing EU and NATO goals DEFNET: Unofficial, Collaborative Effort among EU Member States’ Defense Environmental Experts

12. 17 March 2003 12 The Future Cooperation will Help Protect the Mission, the Environment, and Ensure the Safety and Health of our Forces and Local Communities

13. 17 March 2003 13

14. 17 March 2003 14 BACK UP SLIDES Terminology

15. 17 March 2003 15 Global / Regional Projection Hub Forward infrastructure to project forces globally or regionally Permanently stationed U.S. forces Bases located on reliable territory Families present Well-protected from WMD, missiles, terrorism Usually consists of multiple joint and service bases Example – Ramstein / Kaiserslautern / Landstuhl complex (Germany)

16. 17 March 2003 16 Main Operating Base Permanent base with robust infrastructure Usually single service, may be joint Supports training, Security Cooperation Established command and control Enduring family support facilities Example – Aviano Air Base (Italy)

17. 17 March 2003 17 Forward Operating Site (FOS) Rotational use by operational forces Small permanent presence – support or contractor personnel Scalable; can support sustained ops May contain prepositioned equipment Examples – Singapore, Soto Cano (Honduras) Cooperative Security Location (CSL) Austere infrastructure with no permanent party Exercises and security cooperation activities May contain prepositioned equipment and/or logistical arrangements (e.g., fuel contracts) Possible reliance on contractor support Examples – Kyrgyzstan, Senegal