1. Ladder Safety Awareness
Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health, Inc.

2. He is MOVING!

3. OSHA Regulations 29 CFR Part 1926 Subpart X - Stairways and Ladders

4. OSHA Regulations 29 CFR Part 1926 Subpart X - Stairways and Ladders
Scope, applications, and definitions, applicable to this subpart
General requirements
Stairways
Ladders
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Reserved
Training
1926 Subpart X - App A - Ladders

5. (b) Definitions
"Cleat" means a ladder crosspiece of rectangular cross section placed on edge upon which a person may step while ascending or descending a ladder.
"Double-cleat ladder" means a ladder similar in construction to a single-cleat ladder, but with a center rail to allow simultaneous two-way traffic for employees ascending or descending.
Double cleat
Single cleat

6. Job made ladder
Filler block
Rung
Side rail

7. Double cleat

8. (b) Definitions
"Extension trestle ladder" means a self-supporting portable ladder, adjustable in length consisting of a trestle ladder base and a vertically adjustable extension section, with a suitable means for locking the ladders together.

9. (a) Provide a stairway or ladder at all personnel points of access where there is a break in elevation of 19 inches
(48 cm) or more, and no ramp, runway, sloped embankment, or personnel hoist is provided.
Break in elevation
19 inches

10. Handrail v Stairrail

11. Stairways
(a)(1) Stairways must have landings of not less than 30 inches (76 cm) in the direction of travel and extend at least 22 inches (56 cm) in width at every 12 feet (3.7 m) or less of vertical rise.
Landing

12. Stairways
(a)(1) Stairways that will not be a permanent part of the structure on which construction work is being performed shall have landings of not less than 30 inches (76 cm) in the direction of travel and extend at least 22 inches (56 cm) in width at every 12 feet (3.7 m) or less of vertical rise.

13. (a)(4)
Where doors or gates open directly on a stairway, a platform shall be provided, and the swing of the door shall not reduce the effective width of the platform to less than 20 inches (51 cm).

14. 1926.1052(a)(7) Eliminate slippery conditions
on stairways before the stairways are used to reach other levels.

15. 1926.1052(c)-Stairrails and handrails
Stairways having four or more risers or rising more than 30 inches (76 cm), whichever is less
At least one handrail; and
One stairrail system along each unprotected side or edge.

16. (c)(5) Handrails and the top rails of stairrail systems must be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force of at least 200 pounds applied within 2 inches (5 cm) of the top edge, in any downward or outward direction, at any point along the top edge.

17. (.b)(1) Except during stairway construction, foot traffic is prohibited on stairways with pan stairs where the treads and/or landings are to be filled in with concrete or other material at a later date, unless the stairs are temporarily fitted with wood or other solid material at least to the top edge of each pan.
Pan

18. Ladders
(a)(2) Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps must be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use.
(a)(3)(i) Rungs, cleats, and steps of portable ladders must be spaced not less than 10 inches (25 cm) apart, nor more than
14 inches (36 cm) apart, as measured between center lines of the rungs, cleats and steps.

19. 1926.1052(a)(12) Coating of Ladders
Wood ladders must not be coated with any opaque covering, except for identification or warning labels which may be placed on one face only of a side rail.

20. 3 ft. above landing

21. Improper angle

22. (b) Use
(b)(12) If ladders are used where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, they must have nonconductive siderails, except as provided in (c)(1) of this part.

23. 1926.1053(b)13 Use - Do not use the top or top step of a stepladder as a step.

24. Using top rung

25. (b) Use - (b)(14) Do not use cross-bracing on the rear section of stepladders for climbing unless the ladders are designed and provided with steps for climbing on both front and rear sections.
Back rungs
designed to be
used

26. (b) Use
(b)(15) Must be inspected by a competent person for visible defects, e.g., broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective components.
(b)(17) Withdraw from service until repaired: fixed ladders with structural defects, e.g., broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, or corroded components.
(b)(17)(i) Tag immediately with "Do Not Use" or similar language.
(b)(17)(ii) Mark in a manner that readily identifies it as defective.
Remove from service

27. Missing rung

28. 1926.1053(b) Use (b)(20) Face the ladder when ascending or descending.
(b)(21) Use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up and/or down the
ladder.
(b)(22) Do not carry any object or load that could cause you to lose balance and fall.

29. Training
(a) Must train each employee using ladders and stairways, as necessary, to recognize hazards related to ladders and stairways, and the procedures to be followed to minimize these hazards.
(a)(1) A competent person must train each employee in the following areas, as applicable:
(a)(1)(i) The nature of fall hazards in the work area;
(a)(1)(ii) The correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, and disassembling the fall protection systems to be used;
(a)(1)(iii) The proper construction, use, placement, and care in handling of all stairways and ladders;
(a)(1)(iv) The maximum intended load-carrying capacities of ladders and
(a)(1)(v) The standards contained in this subpart.
(b) Retrain each employee as necessary to maintain the understanding and knowledge acquired through compliance with this section.

30. Ladder Accidents Nationally 2007 No. 1 cause of LTA’s
308 PEOPLE KILLED
175,057 INJURED
22% at many companies

31. Physics of a Fall Distance Time Velocity Speed Impact Force
1 foot sec fps mph 400 lbs.
4 feet sec fps mph 1,600 lbs.
6 feet fps mph 2,400 lbs.
9 feet sec. 24 fps mph 3,600 lbs.
25 feet sec. 40 fps mph 10,000 lbs.
49 feet sec. 56 fps mph 19,600 lbs.

32. TYPE OF LADDER

33. LADDER LENGTH

34. APPROX. HIGHEST STANDING LEVEL
LADDER LENGTH
STEP LADDER
SIZE
APPROX. HIGHEST STANDING LEVEL
1’11”
3’9”
5’8”
7’7”
9’6”
11’5”
13’4” 4’ 6’ 8’
10’
12’
14’
16’

35. LADDER LENGTH

36. Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health, Inc.
LADDER LENGTH
Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health, Inc.

37. CHOOSING THE LADDER MATERIAL
Wood
Fiberglass
Aluminum
Steel

39. Insure a Safe Ladder Set-Up
Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health, Inc.

40. Insure a Safe Ladder Set-Up
Who would ever set up a ladder like this ???!!!

41. Insure a Safe Ladder Set-Up
ACCESSORIES FOR YOUR LADDER
LADDER LEVELERS
CABLE GRIPS
POLE GRABS
TOP STABILIZERS
PAIL SHELVES
LADDER LASH
BOTTOM SHOES

42. Insure a Safe Ladder Set-Up

43. Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health, Inc.

44. Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health, Inc.

45. Improper Ladder Usage Straight ladder Closed step ladder
Extension ladder
Straight ladder
Closed step ladder
IHOH

46. An Accident What Happened
A fiberglass A-frame ladder split halfway up the ridge of the leg rail, causing a worker on the ladder to fall to the rig floor.
The employee injured his wrist.
IHOH

47. Ladder split

48. Ladder Inspection Rungs must be intact and free from grease or oil.
Make sure there are no splinters or sharp edges.
See that metal ladders are not dented or bent.
IHOH

49. Ladder Inspection Safety feet should be in place.
All support braces and bolts must be present and secure.
On extension ladders, make sure rope is not torn or frayed.
IHOH

50. Ladder Inspection
On stepladders, make sure the hinge spreader is working properly.
IHOH

51. Tag Defective Ladders These ladders are properly tagged “Do Not Use”
IHOH

52. Know the rules!
IHOH

53. Ladder Don’ts
Do not use ladders that have been exposed to fire or corrosive chemicals.
Do not use a ladder for unintended purposes, such as in place of scaffolding.
Never allow more than one person on a ladder at a time.
IHOH

54. Read The Warning Labels
They are
there for
a reason!
IHOH

55. Use of Step Ladders
IHOH

56. Use of Step Ladders
Always set level.
Be sure latches are down.
IHOH

57. Proper Ladder Climbing
Use both hands to climb a ladder.
Always face the ladder when climbing, descending or working.
Avoid the top two steps of a stepladder and the top four rungs on other ladders.
IHOH

58. Don’t Lean a Step Ladder
The support leg (arrow) can contact the ground causing the step leg to kick out.
Also employees should not work from the top or second step.
IHOH

59. Don’t Lean! NO! Avoid excessive stretching or leaning.
Workers should never work with one leg on a ladder and one off.
A slip could result in serious fall.
NO!
IHOH

60. Do Not Stand On The Top Step!!!
Obey The Labels!!
IHOH

61. Unsafe Step Ladder Use
Do not straddle the top unless the ladder is designed for it.
NO!
IHOH

62. Working Above Protections
When employees work above railings, they must be protected from falling over the railings.
IHOH

63. Safe Step Ladder Use Always face the ladder Stay off top two steps.
IHOH

64. Safe Step Ladder Use
When working to the side, maintain balance.
IHOH

65. Use of Extension Ladders
IHOH

66. Set on the spikes and seat the ladder in the ground.
Set Feet Properly
Soft Base
Set on the spikes and seat the ladder in the ground.
Firm Base
Set both feet level and on the pads
IHOH

67. Proper Ladder Set
Make sure the ladder's feet are parallel to the surface it rests against.
Don’t set ladders where they may be hit or dislodged.
IHOH

68. Set The Proper Angle
The distance from the bottom of the ladder to the wall should be one- fourth of the ladder's working height.
An extended arm will be close. 4 1
IHOH

69. Check The Locks
Always check to be sure the extension locks are properly seated.
IHOH

70. Ladder Access
Many workers fall from ladders while accessing to another work area.
IHOH

71. Ladder Access
NO!
These are a very poor and hazardous set ups!
IHOH

72. Proper Access Ladders
Ladders should be set at 1 horizontal to 4 vertical.
Ladders must be secured.
Ladder access ways must be guarded. 4 1
IHOH

73. Scaffold Access By Ladder
This access is unsafe.
The ladder should be tight to the scaffold and tied.
IHOH

74. Then do not us a Ladder!
IHOH

75. Ladder Access Holes Ladder access holes must be protected.
Someone could easily fall through this hole.
IHOH

76. Ladder Access Holes
This is good example of a well protected ladder access hole.
The guardrails surround three sides of the hole.
IHOH

77. Ladders Near Electrical
Use non-conductive ladders.
Don’t carry or move extension ladders while extended.
Get help moving ladders to maintain control.
IHOH

78. Job Made Ladders
Job made ladders must be built to proper specifications.
They must have filler blocks between the rungs to support them in case they split.
IHOH

79. Ladder Jacks Ladders must have a sufficient lean angle.
You must have fall protection!
NO!
IHOH

80. Stupid Set Ups
Is this access?
Where is the fall protection?
IHOH

81. Stupid Set-Ups
This is a man working on a church steeple from an extension ladder supported in an high lift aerial lift.
Need we say more!
IHOH

82. Questions?