1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS for Competitive Advantage

2. a.Discuss how IS can be used in organizations b.Describe the strategic importance of IS to the success of modern organizations. c.Formulate and present the business case for a system and understand why it is sometimes difficult to do so. d.Explain why and how companies are continually looking for new ways to use technology for competitive advantage. “Competitive Advantage” Learning Goals

3. 2a. How IS Can Be Used in Organizations Automating – Doing Things Faster Organizational Learning – Doing Things Better Supporting Strategy – Doing Things Smarter

4. Using technology to complete a task –faster, –more cheaply, and –perhaps with greater accuracy/consistency Automating (1 of 3) 2a. How IS Can Be Used in Organizations

5. Using technology to better understand and improve the day-to-day activities within the process 2a. How IS Can Be Used in Organizations Organizational Learning (2 of 3)

6.  The best way to use information systems  Uses IS strategically to enable the firm to gain or sustain competitive advantage over its rivals 2a. How IS Can Be Used in Organizations Strategic Planning (3 of 3)

7. 2b. Critical Importance of IS Low-Cost Leadership –Best prices on goods/services Differentiation –Best quality goods/services Best-Cost Provider (middle-of-the-road) –Reasonable quality, competitive prices Types of Competitive Advantage (1 of 7)

8. 2b. Critical Importance of IS Organizational Strategies (2 of 7)

9. 2b. Critical Importance of IS A clear strategy is essential Sources of competitive advantage: –Best-made product –Superior customer service –Lower costs –Superior manufacturing technology –Shorter lead times –Well-known brand name –High value per cost IS for Competitive Advantage (3 of 7)

10. 2b. Critical Importance of IS Views organizations as big input/output systems IS can automate many value chain activities: –Purchased supplies inbound logistics –Operations –Outbound logistics –Sales and marketing –Service IS and Value Chain Analysis (4 of 7)

11. 2b. Critical Importance of IS IS and Value Chain Analysis (5 of 7)

12. 2b. Critical Importance of IS Role of IS in Value Chain Analysis –Provides potential competitive advantages at various parts in the chain Internet link with suppliers, dealers –Extranets: using the Internet for B2B interactions Computer-aided manufacturing systems Web site with online product ordering Customer service response system Computer-aided design IS for Competitive Advantage (6 of 7)

13. 2b. Critical Importance of IS The Technology/Strategy Fit –Every organization can’t build every possible system (due to financial and time constraints) –Need to match systems used with overall organizational strategy. There may need to be significant organizational change in order for a system to be successful IS for Competitive Advantage (7 of 7)

14. 2c. Making the Business Case for a System Usually easy to quantify costs Difficult to quantify gains –Measurement problems –End-user development –Decision support systems (DSS) –Strategic systems –Time lags –Redistribution –Mismanagement The Productivity Paradox (1 of 4)

15. 2c. Making the Business Case for a System –Arguments Based on Faith –Arguments Based on Fear Stage of industry maturity Degree of Regulation Nature of Competition or Rivalry –Arguments Based on Facts Cost-benefit analysis for a web-based system –Recurring/nonrecurring costs –Tangible/intangible costs –Tangible/intangible benefits General Approaches (2 of 4)

16. 2c. Making the Business Case for a System Know the Audience –The IS Manager –Company Executives (VPs and higher) –Steering Committee Try to Convert all Benefits into Monetary Terms Things to Remember (3 of 4)

17. 2c. Making the Business Case for a System If can’t use Monetary Variables, then Devise Proxy Variables –Measure changes in terms of perceived value Develop a Work Profile Matrix –Time spent on each job, each type of work Be sure to Measure What Management Considers to Be Important Try to Change Mindsets About Information Systems from a Necessary Evil to a Competitive Asset Things to Remember (4 of 4)

18. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge Deploying new technologies faster, better, and cheaper than competitors Using new technology in innovative ways What is Meant by Being at the Cutting Edge? (1 of 7)

19. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge The Need for Constant IS Innovation Always on the lookout for new technologies that impact business What is Meant by Being at the Cutting Edge? (2 of 7)

20. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge Choosing –enabling/emerging technologies Matching –with economic opportunities Executing –business innovation for growth Assessing –client value E-Business Innovation Cycle (3 of 7)

21. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge E-Business Innovation Cycle (4 of 7)

22. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge Begin with the technology when considering successful business strategies Marketing is secondary to IT Emerging technology cycle is ongoing Implications of the E-Business Innovation Cycle (5 of 7)

23. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge Information systems are often bought from, or built by, someone else An organization typically cannot patent an IS Rivals can copy emerging information systems Therefore, one’s IS competitive advantage can be short-lived Painful Realities of Being at the Cutting Edge (6 of 7)

24. 2d. Competitive Advantage in Being at the Cutting Edge To deploy emerging systems well: –Organization must adapt well to change –Human capital must be available for deployment (knowledge, time, skills) –Tolerance of risk and uncertainty Requirements for Being at the Cutting Edge (7 of 7)