2. 1.Selvi Risma Andani (125110100111002) 2.Nur Fitriani (125110100111006) 3.Afifah Mudawwamah (125110100111020) The Sound Patterns of Language

3. o Coarticulation effect -Asimilation -Elision -Normal speech a.Phonology b.Phonemes c.Phones and Allophones d.Minimal Pairs and Sets e.Phonotactics f.Syllables g.Consonant Clusters Materials

4. o Phonology : the study of how sounds are organized and used in natural language. o Here is an illustration that shows the place of phonology in an interacting hierarchy of levels in linguistic.

5. Phonemes is a minimal unit that serves to distinguish between meanings of words and represented between slashes by convention, such as: /b/, /j/, /o/. Ex: Fine and Vine Fat and Vat

6. A phone is phonetics unit and appear in square brackets. (Ex): [t] tar and star An allophone: phonetic varion of a phoneme in a particular language. Ex: [p] and [pH] are allophones of the phoneme /p/ [t] and [tH] are allophones of the phoneme /t/

7. Minimal Pairs and Sets When two words such as pat and bat are identical in form except for a contrast in one phoneme, occurring in the same position, the two words are described as a minimal pair. When a group of words can be differentiated, each one from the others, by changing one phoneme (always in the same position in the word), then we have a minimal set. Ex ample: Minimal pair: fan-van, bet-bat, site-side Minimal set: feat, fit, fat, fate, fought, foot. 1

8. Phonotactics is the patterns in which the phonemes of a language may combine to form sequences. Syllables is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. Every syllable is made up of (at most) three parts:  Onset  Nucleus (vowel)  Coda

9. Consonant clusters is both the onset and the coda can consist of more than one consonant. Ex: black, bread, trick, twin, flat, throw. SYLLABLEONSETNUCLEUSCODA [bæn] [b][æ][n] [bi] [b][i]NONE [æn] NONE[æ][n] [aj] NONE[aj]NONE

10. The process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound. Assimilation: When two sound segments occur in sequence and some aspect of one segment is taken or “copied” by the other, the process. Elision: process of not pronouncing a sound segment that might be present in the deliberately careful pronunciation of a word in isolation. Normal speech: These two processes of assimilation and elision occur in everyone’s normal speech and should not be regarded as some type of sloppiness or laziness in speaking. Coarticulation effect