1. Training/Knowledge Applications 1. Instruction 3. Learning Tools 2. Information Dissemination/Retrieval 4. Learning “Packages”

2. Instruction Directed Learning Tutorials Drill & Practice Problem Solving “Intelligent” Tutors Diagnoses level of expertise Generates content accordingly Confirms understanding

3. Instruction (cont.) Guided Discovery Simulations / Vicarious Experience Emphasis on creating environment for learning Tutorial support often embedded as feedback contingent on learner’s actions Cooperative Learning Use of bulletin boards, chat rooms, etc.

4. Instruction (cont.) Intelligent Guidance / “Apprentices” Construction Tools for Learning Children learn by writing programs, “teaching” the computer Classic example: Logo

5. Information Dissemination & Retrieval Encyclopedias and dictionaries Archives Search engines Other resources -- indexes, lists, etc. Record-keeping Job Aids

6. Learning Tools Word processing, spreadsheets, etc. Presentation support Collaborative -- bulletin boards, chat rooms, etc. Assessment & decision-making Job aids

7. Learning “Packages” Performance Support Often referred to as Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS), these systems provide integrated, on-demand access to information, advice, learning, experiences, and tools. They are designed to generate learning “ at the moment of need.”

8. Learning “Packages” (cont.) Performance support systems can include tools, information, tutoring/advice, and direct learning. In other words, they can incorporate: Instruction Information dissemination & retrieval Learning Tools Performance Support (cont.)

9. CMI provides all in one package: Training Evaluation Administration Learning “Packages” (cont.) Computer-Managed Instruction (CMI)

10. Learning “Packages” (cont.) Integrated Learning Systems These systems are designed to provide a cycle of instruction, assessment, and prescription for a particular subject matter. They combine computer-assisted instruction and computer management features into a single networked computer delivery system. Hardware consists of a LAN of computers linked to a large file server with all the software.