1. Class Aves the Birds

2. General Characteristics All members are homeotherms All members are homeotherms They can maintain a constant body temperature They can maintain a constant body temperature aka: warm blooded, endotherm aka: warm blooded, endotherm Body covered by waterproof feathers Body covered by waterproof feathers Feathers are coated in oil to repel water Feathers are coated in oil to repel water Helps maintain body temperature Helps maintain body temperature Sea birds are defined as birds that spend a significant part of their lives at sea and feed on marine organisms Sea birds are defined as birds that spend a significant part of their lives at sea and feed on marine organisms Have webbed feet Have webbed feet Only 3% of all birds are sea birds Only 3% of all birds are sea birds Have a four chambered heart Have a four chambered heart All internal anatomy is the same as yours All internal anatomy is the same as yours

3. Penguins Most adapted to life at sea Most adapted to life at sea Wings are modified into flippers and no longer allow for flight Wings are modified into flippers and no longer allow for flight Bones are denser to decrease buoyancy Bones are denser to decrease buoyancy Vision is adapted to seeing underwater Vision is adapted to seeing underwater Most live in Antarctica, South Pole, southern tip of South America Most live in Antarctica, South Pole, southern tip of South America Feed on large krill and small fish Feed on large krill and small fish

4. Pelicans Characterized by webbing between all their toes Characterized by webbing between all their toes Have a large pouch under their mouths Have a large pouch under their mouths Used to scoop large amounts of water and fish into the mouth Used to scoop large amounts of water and fish into the mouth

5. Gulls and Shorebirds Make-up the majority of seabirds Make-up the majority of seabirds Act as scavengers and predators Act as scavengers and predators Only shorebirds do not have webbed feet. They feed by wading in the water; eat worms, mollusks, crustaceans Only shorebirds do not have webbed feet. They feed by wading in the water; eat worms, mollusks, crustaceans Can live in inland waters as well as the ocean Can live in inland waters as well as the ocean

6. Class Mammalia the Mammals

7. General Characteristics Evolved about 200 million years ago Evolved about 200 million years ago All members are warm blooded All members are warm blooded Body is covered in hair Body is covered in hair Whales have hair – just not a lot Whales have hair – just not a lot All mammals are viviparous All mammals are viviparous This means that they give birth to live young This means that they give birth to live young No “eggs” are involved No “eggs” are involved aka placental because the young is nourished internally by a placenta aka placental because the young is nourished internally by a placenta All mammals nurse their young with mammary glands All mammals nurse their young with mammary glands Young are generally well cared for – raised by the parents for years after birth Young are generally well cared for – raised by the parents for years after birth Brain is large and complex Brain is large and complex

8. Seals, Sea lions and Walruses These are marine mammals that have flippers for swimming but also need to be near land to rest and sleep These are marine mammals that have flippers for swimming but also need to be near land to rest and sleep In the order pinnipeds In the order pinnipeds Thought to have evolved from cats, dogs and bears Thought to have evolved from cats, dogs and bears Are all active carnivores Are all active carnivores Bodies are streamlined for swimming Bodies are streamlined for swimming Most live in cold water and have blubber – fat to keep them warm Most live in cold water and have blubber – fat to keep them warm

9. Seals The largest group of pinnipeds The largest group of pinnipeds Characterized by rear flippers that cannot be moved forward Characterized by rear flippers that cannot be moved forward Move on land by pulling themselves forward with their front flippers Move on land by pulling themselves forward with their front flippers Males can weight up to 4 tons Males can weight up to 4 tons Equivalent to 5 Chevy Silverado's Equivalent to 5 Chevy Silverado's have been hunted for meat and oil from the blubber have been hunted for meat and oil from the blubber

10. Sea Lions Characterized by having ear flaps Characterized by having ear flaps Can walk on land with all four flippers Can walk on land with all four flippers

11. Walrus Characterized by tusks Characterized by tusks Feeds mostly on invertebrates Feeds mostly on invertebrates

12. Sea Otter The sea otter is the smallest marine mammal The sea otter is the smallest marine mammal lack blubber lack blubber Keep warm by air trapped in thick fur Keep warm by air trapped in thick fur Spend most if not all of their life in the water Spend most if not all of their life in the water Live in and around kelp forests Live in and around kelp forests Order: Carnivora Order: Carnivora

14. Whales and Dolphins These animals have made the most complete transition to the sea These animals have made the most complete transition to the sea Order: Cetacea Order: Cetacea Thought to have evolved from cows Thought to have evolved from cows Front limbs evolved into flippers – rear limbs merged into a tail flipper (fluke) Front limbs evolved into flippers – rear limbs merged into a tail flipper (fluke) Nostrils have evolved into a single blowhole on the top of the head Nostrils have evolved into a single blowhole on the top of the head Whales feed using baleen to filter water Whales feed using baleen to filter water Same material as our hair Same material as our hair Baleen whales are the largest animals in the world Baleen whales are the largest animals in the world

16. Whales and Dolphins cont. The rest of the group are considered toothed The rest of the group are considered toothed This means that they have teeth and most act as predators This means that they have teeth and most act as predators Includes dolphins and killer whales Includes dolphins and killer whales All whales and dolphins are protected against capture and hunting by industrialized nations All whales and dolphins are protected against capture and hunting by industrialized nations Non-industrialized nations and native Americans are allowed to take a certain number of whales a year for food Non-industrialized nations and native Americans are allowed to take a certain number of whales a year for food

17. Dolphins technically considered toothed whales technically considered toothed whales All members have blunted noses and are smaller than what we usually think of as whales All members have blunted noses and are smaller than what we usually think of as whales Highly playful and often seen in large groups called pods Highly playful and often seen in large groups called pods Use echolocation, a type of sonar based on hearing Use echolocation, a type of sonar based on hearing

18. Interesting Biology Can reach speeds of 40 mph in the ocean Can reach speeds of 40 mph in the ocean Can stay submerged up to 1 hour Can stay submerged up to 1 hour Achieve this by restricting flow to organs that are not necessary to stay alive Achieve this by restricting flow to organs that are not necessary to stay alive Heart rate decreases Heart rate decreases Can dive to a depth of 1,900 feet Can dive to a depth of 1,900 feet Often rely on echolocation to pinpoint prey and other members of the same species Often rely on echolocation to pinpoint prey and other members of the same species Produce sound waves that bounce off an object Produce sound waves that bounce off an object

19. Interesting Biology cont. Dolphins are only one of three mammals that we wage war on its own species Dolphins are only one of three mammals that we wage war on its own species Humans and monkeys are the others Humans and monkeys are the others Thought of as a sign of intelligence Thought of as a sign of intelligence Live in huge groups with complex social hierarchies Live in huge groups with complex social hierarchies Migrate huge distances to find food and breeding grounds Migrate huge distances to find food and breeding grounds Gray whales migrate off our coast every fall and spring between Mexico and Alaska Gray whales migrate off our coast every fall and spring between Mexico and Alaska