1. B → τ ν B → τ ν (B→ρ/ω γ)/(B→K*γ) (B→ρ/ω γ)/(B→K*γ) Moriond QCD 17 -24 March 2007 La Thuile, Italy Achille Stocchi (LAL Orsay/IN2P3-CNRS Université Paris-Sud) Introduction to Heavy Flavour Physics (..more on CKM and CP violation) Short introduction. Main motivations Selection of new measurements How and why.. to go on… The present situation. in 25 minutes

2. Short Introduction. Main Motivations

3. Flavour Physics in the Standard Model (SM) in the quark sector: 10 free parameters 6 quarks masses4 CKM parameters ~ half of the Standard Model In the Standard Model, charged weak interactions among quarks are codified in a 3 X 3 unitarity matrix : the CKM Matrix. The existence of this matrix conveys the fact that the quarks which participate to weak processes are a linear combination of mass eigenstates The fermion sector is poorly constrained by SM + Higgs Mechanism mass hierarchy and CKM parameters Wolfenstein parametrization :, A,   responsible of CP violation in SM

4. B   +other charmonium radiative decays X s ,X d , X s ll B  DK +from Penguins The Unitarity Triangle: Charm Physics (Dalitz) ? theo. clean

5. the angles.. sin(    sin(   BB B     the sides... Rare decays... sensitive to NP msms mdmd V ub /V cb CP asymmetries in charmless … How measurements constraint UT parameters

6. From Childhood In ~2000 the first fundamental test of agreement between direct and indirect sin2  To precision era WE HAVE TO GO ON…

7. To access the parameters of the Standard Model we need to control the effects induced by strong interactions We observe hadrons and not quarks ! theory gives us the link from quarks to hadrons OPE /HQET/Lattice QCD …. Need to be tested ! Before starting… Decay properties and production characteristics Lifetimes Masses (spectroscopy) Form factors Branching ratios Many measurements ( with different weights ) are essential beauty and charm physics are equally important Kinematic distributions

8. Selection of new measurements(*) (*) some (partial) selection of important measurements which will be discussed at this conference. Touch and go. A sort of “fil rouge” There are many others, apologies for not treating them. I put some results on the backup material

9. Angles are accessible through CP violating measurements B0B0 B0B0 f CP A1A1 A2A2 A1A1 A2A2 M 12  12 direct mixing Interference mixing-decay Direct also with B + source In the double-slit experiment, there are two paths to the same point on the screen. In the B experiment, we must choose final states that both a B 0 and a B 0 can decay into. We perform the B experiment twice (starting from B 0 and from B 0 ). We then compare the results. Analogy: “Double-Slit” Experiments with Matter and Antimatter  

10. The precision on sin2  is still improving.. b d c c s d J/  K0K0 B0dB0d ~only one amplitude theoretically clean at ~0.01 To improved with data!  t(ps) directindirect sin2  gives the best constraint on  plane sin( 

11. dd s b WW B0dB0d t s s  K0K0 g s b b s ~ ~ ~ New Physics contribution (2-3 families) sin2  from “s Penguins”…a lot of progress.. “CP violation observed in  ’K s ” Disagreement between sin2  from b  ccs and b  qqs still there and intriguing..

12. Some discrepencies observed between V ub and sin2  sin2  =0.764± 0.039 from indirect determination (all included by sin2  ) sin2  =0.764± 0.039 from indirect determination (all included by sin2  ) sin2  =0.675±0.026 From direct measurement sin2  =0.675±0.026 From direct measurement We should keep an eyes on these kinds of disagreements. Could be NP

13. Br ~ |V ub | 2 in a limited space phase region… Using Babar E l, (X s  ElEl Progress on V ub.. Inclusive : improving analyses and improving the control of the theory vs cuts untagged analysis is the most precise Exclusive : we start to have quite precise analysis of Br vs q 2 Important that we measure at high q 2 where Lattice QCD calculates better. B   l B  X u l Confirming disagreement…

14. LEP/SLD 1999 LEP/SLD 2002 CDF 2006 SM predictions of  ms CDF only : signal at 5  Strong impact on NP on B s sector. See later Limiting factor : precision on the hadronic parameter  ))1(( 222 2 2    ss dd BB BB s d Bf Bf m m   A Milestone : the meaurement of the B s oscillations after a long saga.. -0.21 msms mdmd

15. BR(B → τ ν) = (0.85 ± 0.13)10 -4 f B = 237 ± 37 GeV from exp+UTfit f B = 189 ± 27 GeV Lattice QCD SM expectation Exp. likelkihood BABAR+BELLE BR(B → τ ν) = (1.31 ± 0.48)10 -4 A second milestone : the measurement of the leptonic decay B   First leptonic decay seen on B meson

16. Mixing in D 0 -D 0 system Observed !! BaBar Use D 0 from D* to tag the flavour of D 0 D* +  D 0  + DCS decays InterferenceOscillations (1 ± cos  m t) ~ x 2 /2 idem for  ~ y 2 /2 D0D0 D0D0 K K  mixing doubly Cabibbo suppressed(DCS) Cabibbo favoured(CF) Wrong sign : WS  strong phase CF/DCS ampl. rotation (x,y)  (x’,y’) mixing no mixing 3.9  evidence Submitted to PRL (hep-ex/0703020)

17. 2.4  Method using Dalitz ex : D 0  K 0 S     RS and WS occupy the same Dalitz plot Measurement of strong phase  Constraint on x,y 2 ( also sensitive to sign of x) K  K + (or     ) pure CP D 1 0 K    50% D 1 0 + D 2 0 Constraint on y CP eingenstate lifetimes Two talks tomorrow +theory talk…. Belle : Compare assuming  =0: (x'=x, y'=y) Best fit Within 2  less if  0 Belle life. (1  ) ALL is very exciting. D mixing is Now observed, we need more Measurements with different techniques to get x and y parameters. Belle Dalitz

18. f Ds, F D from CLEO-C Semileptonic D decays. example D  K l Precise measurement, test of the QCD calculation on charm sector  Could be used on B sector : , V ub.. Testing lattice QCD on charm sector : form factors D

19. The present situation How and Why.. to go on… I’ll discuss the present knowledge of the CKM matrix and CP violation in the SM and beyond and at the same time try to see what do we need ( theory and next facilities) to effectively look for NP I’ll use some simulation done for a possible SuperB facility with 75ab -1

20. Global Fit  = 0.344 ± 0.016  = 0.163 ± 0.028  m d,  m s,V ub,V cb,  k + cos2  +  +  +  + 2  +  We are beyond the era of « alternatives» to the CKM picture. NP should appear as «corrections» to the CKM picture SM Fit

21. The problem of particle physics today is : where is the NP scale  ~ 0.5, 1…10 16 TeV The quantum stabilization of the Electroweak Scale suggest that  ~ 1 TeV LHC will search on this range What happens if the NP scale is at 2-3..10 TeV …naturalness is not at loss yet… Flavour Physics explore also this range We want to perform flavour measurements such that : - if NP particles are discovered at LHC we able flavour structure of the NP study the flavour structure of the NP NP scale - we can explore NP scale beyond the LHC reach

22. 5 new free parameters C s,  s B s mixing C d,  d B d mixing C  K K mixing Today : fit possible with 10 contraints and 7 free parameters (   C d,  d,C s,  s, C  K ) Constraints Parametrizing NP physics in  F=2 processes  F=2 Fit in a NP model independent approach  CdCd dd C s ss CKCK  D  X V ub /V cb XX mdmd XX ACP  J  X X ASLXX  XX ACHXXXX  s  s XX msms X KK XX In future : ACP  J  ~XX ASL(Bs)XX  D s K)X Tree processes 1  3 family 2  3 family 1  2 familiy No new physics C=1  =0

23. Model Indep. Analysis in  B=2 C = 1.24 ± 0.43  = (-3.0 ± 2.0) o C = ± 0.031  = (± 0.5) o Factor 3-4 gain on NP scale if SuperB NP scale ~200GeV with MFV couplings Similar plots in Bs sector where the impact of LHCb is crucial NP~700 GeV Precision will be enough to have 5  discrepancy with today central values In some more favourable case M H (TeV) tan 

24. In the red regions the  are measured with a significance >3  away from zero 1 10 g s b b s ~ ~ ~ New Physics contribution (2-3 families) With the today precision we do not have 3  exclusion for any set of parameters MSSM 1 10 -1 10 -2 Example on how precise measurements could allow to explore NP scale beyond the TeV scale

25. Some final considerations Flavour Physics is now in mature age. Many measurements have been performed and many new we will discuss at this conference. Some stringent test of SM has been done (sin2 ,  ms…) Our goal is to find NP or to measure the parameters of NP. Quite a lot of work has been done More we need to to.. For it we need : Precise measurements (at 1%) Precise theory (Lattice calcs at 1%) It is a very active an lively field with many new results : highlight D 0 mixing !!

26. We need to go on in measuring precisely many different quantites A CP (B  X  ) A FB (B  Xll) CPV in CF and DCS D decays Br(    ) …… CKM angles   r    and    Dl |V ub |,|V cb | radiative decays : Br(B  , K*  ) many other measurements…..but I’m sure it will be a dream !! Keeping the central values as measured today Could be a nightmare…. Adjusting the central values so that they are all compatible

27. BACKUP MATERIAL

28. b  cℓ and b  uℓ B d and B s mixing  K : CPV in K decays B  ccs :  1 /  B  /  /  :  2 /  B  DK :  3 /  An example on how to fit the UT parameters and fit new physics

29. B 0  D 0 h 0 Together with J/  K , D*D*K Help in distinguishing between the two  solution from sin2  measurement

30.  modes  modes consistent with no CP violation  eff ~90 o (0/180) o Many novelties on the measurement of the angle  New results also on  (time dep. Dalitz analysis) Not only “Tree” diagrams contribute to final states but also “Penguins”. Isospin analysis necessary to extract  Important measurement because it gives the contributions of Penguins diagram

31. The angle  : still quite a lot of work to do… critical the value of r b Babar more precise than Belle on x,y but found a smaller r B larger error on  Most precise measurement come from Dalitz analysis with D 0  K s  New D 0 decay explored BaBar

32. Precision measurements of |V cb | limiting factor F(1) Inclusive V cb still progress… BaBar/CLEO/CDF/DELPHI Kinetic scheme here we extract : B  D*l Essential point is to control /“measure” the effects of strong interaction Same for exclusive.. Study on charm sector help in the understanding of strong dynamics (Babar) Events/0.5

33. Radiative B decays : moving beyond B  K*  - many measurement on B  s  - measurements of Br on B   - measurement of A CP on exclusive and inclusive modes

34. No disagreement for  et  m s Are there evidence of disagreement in the actual fit ? agreement between the predicted values and the measurements at better than : 66 55 33 44 11 22 SM Fit

35. todayLHCbtodayLHCb

36. Re (  d 13 ) LL vs Im (  d 13 ) LL with present disagreement Constraint from  m d Constraint from sin2  cos2  Constraint from sin2  All constraints Re (  d 13 ) LL vs Im (  d 13 ) LL superB if disagreement disapper. SM Due to the actual disagreement betweenV ub and sin2b we see a slight hint of new physics NP at high significance ! NP scale at 350 GeV

37. In the red regions the  are measured with a significance >3  away from zero 1 10 1 10 -1 1 10 g s b b s ~ ~ ~ New Physics contribution (2-3 families) With the today precision we do not have 3  exclusion MSSM 1 10 -1 10 -2 In this case the main constraints are b  s  ACP(b  s  ) Today we would have magenta contour covering all the space