1. MUSIC The music industry was greatly affected by technological developments, right from the start. History Before recorded music and radio, the music industry was comprised of sheet music that was created by composer and sold to be played at home on the piano. In NYC this burgeoning music industry was referred to as Tin Pan Alley, starting around 1885. Stronger copyright laws in the mid 1800s meant that composers, publishers and lyricists had to work together to stay in business.

2. Before radio, Tin Pan Alley businesses hired “song pluggers” to go out and play tunes for the public either in music stores or pubs, thus popularizing songs for increased sales. Classical vs. popular songs – ragtime and vaudeville.ragtime Tin Pan Alley – NYC then and now – 28 th st. btwn 5 th and 6 th ave

3. The Roaring 1920s: radio versus records Radio presented a major threat to records, similar to the threat records had to sheet music. Licensing fees were established to help the music business stay afloat. The 1930s: the rise of jazz and blues Jazz and blues outpace ragtime in popularity. Jazz came from New Orleans – Louis Armstrong Blues came for the Mississippi Delta region of the deep south – African American – took longer to travel north – Muddy WatersLouis ArmstrongMuddy Waters The 1940s: technology progresses Reel to Reel (one track) and the LP record – 33rpm Teenagers become important to the music industry – postwar boom of the 1930s and early 1940s. Frank Sinatra 1 st national radio exposure

4. The 1950s: the advent of rock and roll – Rock and Roll – black blues slang for sex. – Stemmed from Rhythm and Blues or R&B – sexually explicit – considered “race music” and often banned on radio. – Alan Freed started a radio show for R&B and Rock and Rock came out of this. Little RichardLittle Richard – Rock and Roll was mainstreamed due to “hijacking” by white producers and singers – covers of black performers – no royalties. The 1960s: rock and roll branches out from R&B – The British Invasion – Beatles – Merseybeat style – from “skiffle” type of music – banjos, guitars and homemade instruments. – Television now in most homes, helped propel bands like the BeatlesBeatles – Connection of music and social movements – hippies/feminism/gay rights/anti-war/anti-nuclear. Early example: The Staples SingerThe Staples Singer The 1970s: from glam rock to punk – Sci-fi, gender Bending, including vocally - Glam Rock from Europe as well – David BowieDavid Bowie

5. – 70’s Punk Rock and Disco take off as well. The 1980s: the hip-hop generation – NYC – Disenfranchised African American and Hispanic youth – create their own culture – graffiti, Dj-ing, break dancing and rap. – White flight and relocation of neighborhoods in the Bronx due to highway expansion, marginalized many and left many feeling left out of any American mainstream culture. – Grandmaster Flash Grandmaster Flash – Artists such as Run D.M.C. became successful in the mainstream. The 1990s: new developments in hip-hop, rock, and pop – Gangsta rap – seen as contributing actual gang violence. – Increasing commodification of hip-hop culture. The 2000s: pop stays strong as hip-hop overtakes rock in popularity (short doc on commodification of Hip-Hop) - Focus of popularized Hip-Hop begins to includes more themes of money, drugs and exploitation of women.commodification of Hip-Hop

6. Music and Culture Has music changed you, your opinions, or your life? How did the music/band/song do that? What are some of the results of the mainstreaming of indie label music like Grandmaster Flash? What do you think the future music industry will look like?