1. GEOGRAPHY WORLD

2. Compass & Cardinal direction Compass – an instrument used to show direction. The cardinal directions are North, South, East and West

3. Longitude The vertical lines are called lines of longitude. Lines of longitude are also called meridians. Longitude lines run North and South. Prime Meridian is middle point

4. Latitude The horizontal lines are called lines of latitude. Parallel is another name for latitude lines. Latitude lines run east and west around the Earth.

5. Hemispheres EQUATOR Latitude Runs west and east in middle of Earth PRIME MERIDIAN Longitude Runs north and south in middle of Earth

6. Continents – continuous land mass NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA AFRICA AUSTRALIA EUROPE ASIA ANTARCTICA

7. COUNTRIES – are part of continents SOUTH AMERICA ASIA

8. STATES – are part of countries SOUTH AMERICA ASIA

9. Capital The most important city or town of a country The capital of Illinois is Springfield The capital of the USA is Washington D.C

10. Counties – are part of states

11. Cities are part of counties

12. CONTINENT COUNTRY STATE COUNTY CITY

13. Oceans Ocean: a large body of salt water. There are 5 major oceans on Earth: 1.Pacific Ocean 2.Atlantic Ocean 3.Indian Ocean 4.Arctic Ocean 5.Southern Ocean* *the newest ocean being declared an ocean in 2000

14. Landforms Landforms are natural features of the landscape, natural physical features of the earth's surface. for example: mountains, water, valleys, plateaus, plains, hills or glaciers.

15. Mountains BIGGEST formed by plates colliding

16. WATER ATLANTIC PACIFIC Gulf of Mexico MISSISSIPPI RIVER

17. WATER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

18. Grand Canyon, Great Lakes, & Hawaiian Islands formed by running water formed by glaciers formed by volcanoes

19. MAP GRID

20. Map key A map key, or legend, is a small chart included on a map that gives descriptions of what symbols are used and what they stand for.

21. Distance Scale

22. Political map shows boundaries

23. Physical map shows landforms and water

24. Elevation map shows elevation of area in comparison to sea level

25. Population map shows areas of high and low population

26. Natural Resource map shows where resources of an area can be found

27. Climate map

28. REGIONS DESERT PLAINS mountains tundra rainforest

29. REGIONS CACTUS GRASSLANDS THICK FORESTS PALM TREES CYPRESS TREES

30. HOW PEOPLE MODIFY LAND IRRIGATION DUST BOWL & pesticide s CUTTING TREES LEVEES DRAINING SWAMPS MINING

31. U.S. LANGUAGES ALL REGIONS MAINLY ENGLISH Some Spanish Some French Some Spanish

32. POPULATION OF REGIONS BIG CITIES of New York, Boston, Philadelphia formed because of Atlantic coast = large populations DIVERSITY High Population of African Americans due to slavery High Population of Natives to reservations High Population of Hispanic due to Mexican-American War

33. ECONOMICS OF REGIONS Fishing & Shipping FARMING LUMBER tourism oil tourism coal

34. NATURAL DISASTERS OF REGIONS EARTHQUAKES HURRICANES & FLOODS TORNADOES volcanoes& tsunamis tsunamis

35. Region Overview PhysicalEconomicVegetationNatural Disasters Northeastmountains forests coastline fishing shipping tourism thick forestssome tornadoes Southeastwetlands gulf coast fishing shipping oil Cypress trees Palm trees hurricanes floods Midwestplains Great Lakes agriculturegrasslandstornadoes Southwestdeserts Grand Canyon oilcactussome tornadoes Westernmountains tundra rainforest fishing shipping tourism lumber Palm trees thick forests earthquakes tsunamis