2. Communicating with impact Eddy M. Jolicoeur MIPA 22 August 2014

3. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 2 About Seminars (Survey conducted by Wall Street Journal, 2013)  61% Take Notes  47% Daydreaming  41% Doodling (pretending to take notes / scribbling / drawing)  19% Ask Questions  18% Fall Asleep  25% Pay Attention  65% Have Sexual Fantasies

4. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 3

5. The transition from an economy based on materials to an economy based on flows of information has created considerable challenges for organizational structure, and communication.

6. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 5 A person can have the greatest idea in the world. But if that person can’t convince enough other people, it doesn’t matter. –Gregory Berns

7. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 6 Setting the scene In today’s turbulent environment, crisis communication is at the top of everyone’s needed-skills list. Effective communication, both within the organization and with people outside the company, is a major challenge and responsibility for managers

8. Ten years from now, which of the following competencies do you see being most critical for the HR professional? Challenges Facing HR Over the Next 10 Years ©SHRM 2012 7 Note: n = 472. Percentages do not total 100% due to multiple response options.

9. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 8 Commercial Awareness 67% Communication Skills64% Leadership 33% Ability to work in a team33% Problem solving32% Conceptual ability21% Subject Knowledge & competence19% Foreign languages 19% Numeracy19% Good general education15% Source: Association of Graduate Recruiters “Skills for Graduates in the 21st Century” www.agr.org.uk The “Top Ten” Skills shortages among graduates

10. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 9 What is Communication? Process by which information is exchanged and understood by two or more people, usually with the intent to motivate or influence behavior Manager = 80% every working day in direct communication with others – 48 min/hour Manager = 20% every working day in communication in the form of reading and writing - 12 min/hour

11. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 10 The Manager as Communication Champion External Information Internal Information Manager as Communication Champion Purpose-Directed  Direct attention to vision, values, desired outcomes  Influence employee behavior Strategic Conversations  Open communication  Listening  Dialogue  Feedback Methods  Rich channels  Upward, downward, & horizontal channels  Nonverbal communication Personal networks

12. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 11 Communication Process Model Noise Sender Encodes Message Receiver Decodes Message Channel Feedback Loop (Return message decoded) (Return message encoded) Channel

13. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 12 Channel Richness Information amount can be transmitted during communication episode

14. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 13 Persuasion and Influence Businesses are run largely by cross- functional teams who are actively involved in making decisions Ability to persuade and influence others is even more critical today than ever before To persuade and influence, managers have to communicate frequently and easily with others

15. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 14 Nonverbal Communications Messages transmitted human actions and behaviors rather than through words Occurs mostly face-to-face Verbal Impact = 7 % Vocal Impact = 38 % Facial Impact = 55 % Most nonverbal communication is unconscious or subconscious

16. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 15 Listening One of the most important tools of manager communication – both to employees and to customers Listening = skill of receiving messages to accurately grasp facts and feelings to interpret the genuine meaning 75% of effective communication is listening – most people spend only 30-40% listening

17. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 16 Keys to Effective Listening Listen actively Find areas of interest Resist distractions Capitalize on the fact that thought is faster tan speech Be responsive Judge content, not delivery Hold one’s fire Listen for ideas Work at listening Exercise one’s mind

18. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 17 Formal Channels of Communication Source: Adapted from Richard L. Daft and Richard M. Steers, Organizations: A Micro/Macro Approach, 538. Copyright © 1986 by Scott, and Company. Used by permission.

19. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 18 Downward Communication Messages sent from top management down to subordinates... 1. Implementation of goals and strategies 2. Job instructions and rationale 3. Procedures and practices 4. Performance feedback 5. Indoctrination Most familiar and obvious flow of formal communication

20. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 19 Downward Communications Problem Drop Off – Distortion – Loss of message content Dealing with Drop Off – Use right communication channel – Consistency between verbal and nonverbal messages – Active listening

21. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 20 Upward Communication Messages transmitted from the lower to the higher levels in the organization’s hierarchy 1. Problems and exceptions 2. Suggestions for improvement 3. Performance reports 4. Grievances and disputes 5. Financial and accounting information

22. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 21 Upward Communication Problem Many organizations make a great effort to facilitate upward communication Despite these efforts, barriers to accurate upward communication exist – Managers may resist hearing about employee problems – Employees may not trust managers sufficiently to push information upward

23. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 22 Horizontal Communications Lateral or diagonal exchange of messages among peers or coworkers Horizontal communications categories 1. Intradepartmental problem solving 2. Interdepartmental coordination 3. Change initiatives and improvement Inform and request support as well as coordinate activities Particularly important in learning organizations

24. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 23 Team Communication Channels Team communication characteristics to consider ● The extent to which team communication is centralized ● The nature of the team’s task Special type of horizontal communication

25. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 24 Team Communication Channels Organizational Implications  With complex and difficult team activities, all members should share information in a decentralized structure – all information with all members  With simple problems, centralized communication structure – communicating through one individual to solve problems or make decisions

26. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 25 Personal Communication Channels Exist outside formal authorized channels Do not adhere to organization’s hierarchy of authority Primary way information spreads and work gets accomplished Coexist with formal communication channels

27. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 26 Personal Communication Channels Three important types of channels 1. Personal Networks 2. Management By Wondering Around 3. Grapevine

28. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 27 Developing Personal Communication Networks Build it before you need it Never eat lunch alone Make it win-win Focus on diversity

29. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 28 Two Grapevine Chains Source: Based on Keith Davis and John W. Newstrom, Human Behavior at Work: Organizational Behavior, 7 th ed. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1985).

30. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 29 Open Communication Sharing all types of information throughout the company, across functional and hierarchical levels Recent trend - reflects manager’s increased emphasis on – Empowering employees – Building trust and commitment – Enhancing collaboration

31. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 30 Dialogue and Discussion: The Differences Source:Adapted from Edgar Schein, “ On Dialogue, Culture, and Organization Learning, ” Organizational Dynamics (Autumn 1993), 46. Conversation Lack of understanding, disagreement, divergent points of view Dialogue Discussion Result Reveal feelings Explore assumptions Suspend convictions Build common ground Long-term, innovative solutions Unified group Shared meaning Transformed mind-sets State positions Advocate convictions Convince others Build oppositions Short-term resolution Agreement by logic Opposition beaten down Mind-sets held onto

32. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 31 Crisis Communication Primary Skills Maintain your focus Be visible Get the awful truth out Communicate a vision for the future

33. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 32 Feedback and Learning Feedback – – Enables managers to determine whether they have been successful in communicating with others – Is often neglected – Giving & receiving feedback is typically difficult –both for managers & employees Successful managers focus their feedback – To help develop the capacities of subordinates – To teach the organization how to better reach its goals Managers use evaluation & communication to help individuals

34. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 33 Ways to Overcome Communication Barriers Active listening Selection of appropriate channel Knowledge of other’s perspective MBWA Climate of Trust, dialogue Development and use of formal channels Changing organization or group structure to fit communication needs Encouragement of multiple channels, formal and informal Individual Interpersonal dynamics Channels and media Semantics Inconsistent cues Organizational Status and power differences Departmental needs and goals Communication network unsuited Lack of formal channels How to OvercomeBarriers

35. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 34 Semantics Meaning of words and the way they are used

36. I never said she stole the money

37. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. To conclude The 5 Cs – Clarity – Conciseness – Completeness – Credibility – Consistency 36

38. Copyright © 2005 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved. 37