1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Sex, Gender, and Culture Gender Concepts Physique and Physiology Gender Roles Relative Contributions to Work Political Leadership and Warfare The Relative Status of Women Personality Differences Sexuality

2. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Gender Concepts Gender differences refer to cultural expectations and experiences of females and males. Sex differences refer to purely biological differences.

3. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

4. Gender Roles All or nearly all societies assign certain activities to females and other activities to males. Gender roles refer to role assignments for females and males that are a product of a particular culture. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/21/world/asia/21gender.html?scp=2&sq=afghan%20girls&st=cse

5. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Gender Roles Productive and Domestic Activities Why are females and males generally assigned different tasks? Strength theory  Compatibility-with-child-care theory  Expendability theory

6. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Relative Status of Women There appears to be variation in the degree of gender stratification from one society to another. Less complex societies, however, seem to approach more equal status for males and females in a variety of areas of life.

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8. Relative Contributions to Work  Primary subsistence activities Gathering, hunting, fishing, herding, and farming  Secondary subsistence activities The processing and preparation of food for eating and storing

9. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Political Leadership and Warfare In almost every known society, men rather than women are the leaders in the political arena. Warfare is almost exclusively a male activity.

10. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sexuality Cultural Regulations of Sexuality  Premarital Sex  Sex in Marriage  Extramarital Sex  Homosexuality

11. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sexuality Cultural Regulations of Sexuality: Permissiveness versus Restrictiveness Reasons for Restrictiveness  Research has shown that societies that are restrictive with one aspect of heterosexual sex tend to be restrictive with regard to other aspects.

12. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Sexuality Cultural Regulations of Sexuality: Permissiveness versus Restrictiveness Reasons for Restrictiveness  Population size  Social inequality