1. Subphylum: Vertebrata
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Classes:
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia

2. Phylum: Chordata Subhylum: Vertebrata Characteristics:
Primitive organism:
amphioxus
Characteristics:
*Have a dorsal notochord, that becomes the spine.
An endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone.
Pharyngeal slits or gill pouches during development.
A dorsal nerve cord.
Post-anal tail
Subhylum: Vertebrata
Major Characteristic: have a backbone

4. Class: Chondrichtyes *Cartilaginous fish
- from, “chondro-” (cartilage) and “ichthyes” (fish)
skeleton made of cartilage.
have fins and scales.
breathe with gills.
Examples:
sharks, skates, and rays.

5. Class: Chondrichtyes CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)
BILATERAL symmetry
Coelomate
Digestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of Cartilage
Circulatory System – 2 chambered heart
Reproduction – External fertilization, many eggs
*Dioecious = two distinct genders

6. Heterodontiformes - horn sharks

7. Orectolobiformes - whale sharks
Rhincodon typus

8. Orectolobiformes –
nurse sharks
Ginglymostoma cirratum

9. Lamniformes - mackerel, mako, white sharks
Great White
Mako
Isurus oxyrinchus
Mako
Great White, Carcharodon carcharias

10. Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (blacktip)
Carcharhinus limbatus
blacktip shark

11. Carcharhiniformes - requiem sharks (whitetip)
Triaenodon obesus

12. Carchariniformes – bull sharks
Carcharhinus leucas
copyright FLMNH

13. Carchariniformes – tiger sharks
Galeocerdo cuvier
© George Burgess

14. Carchariniformes – basking sharks
Cetorhinus maximus

15. Superorder Squatinomorphi Squatiniformes-angel sharks
bottom-oriented, enlarged pelvic fins, spike-like teeth
Atlantic Angel Shark, Squatina dumeril

16. Squaliformes dogfish sharks Spiny dogfish-Squalus acanthus
Adipose spine

17. Pristiophoriformes - saw sharks

18. Myliobatiformes - sting rays
eagle & manta rays
butterfly rays

19. Rajiformes - skates

20. Skate or Ray...what’s the difference?
Skates (order Rajiformes)
pelvic fin divided into two lobes 
stocky tail w/o stinging spine 
enlarged, thorn-like scales ('bucklers') along the midline of back
males have rows of enlarged scales near the eyes and wingtips
Rays (order Myliobatiformes):
one-lobed pelvic fin 
whip-like tail, usually with stinging spine 
no bucklers along back or tail 

21. Pristiformes - sawfishes

22. Torpediniformes - electric rays

23. Class: Osteichthyes “BONY” fish
- from, “osteo-” (bone) and “ichthyes” (fish)
skeleton made of bone.
have fins and scales.
breathe with gills.
Examples:
bass, tuna, and catfish

24. bass
tuna
catfish
porcupine fish
salmon
Class: Osteichthyes

25. Class: Osteichthyes CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)
BILATERAL symmetry
Coelomate
Digestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONE
Circulatory System – 2 - chambered heart
Reproduction – External fertilization, many eggs
*Dioecious

26. frogs, toads, newts, salamander
Class: AMPHIBIA
*Amphibians
- means “double life”, part of life spent on water and part on land
smooth, moist skin.
live near water
go through metamorphosis
no claws or scales.
Examples:
frogs, toads, newts, salamander

27. bullfrog
Cameroon toad
poison dart frog
Class: Amphibia

28. General Amphibians

29. Class: AMPHIBIA CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)
BILATERAL symmetry
Coelomate
Digestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONE
Circulatory System – 3-chambered heart
Reproduction – External fertilization, eggs laid in water
*Dioecious

30. turtles, snakes, alligators, lizards
Class: REPTILIA
*Reptiles
- body covered w/scales or plates
have lungs/scales & plates/claws
1st to use the amniotic egg.
also use internal fertilization
Examples:
turtles, snakes, alligators, lizards

31. Burmese python
lizard
chameleon
Class: Reptilia
alligator
cobra

32. Class: REPTILIA CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)
BILATERAL symmetry
Coelomate
Digestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONE
Circulatory System – 3-chambered heart
Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg
*Dioecious

33. Lizards Geckos Komodo Dragon Horned Lizard Chameleon Frilled Lizard
Gila Monster

34. eagle, owl, cardinal, dove, quail
Class: AVES
*BIRDS
have wings and feathers.
most fly. Ex: penguin, ostrich, emu
parents incubate eggs.
descended from dinosaurs
lightweight, hollow bones
Examples:
eagle, owl, cardinal, dove, quail

35. Class: AVES CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded)
BILATERAL symmetry
Coelomate
Digestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONE
Circulatory System – 4-chambered heart
Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, AMNIOTIC egg
*Dioecious

36. bats, whale, elephant, deer, horse, human, monkey, rabbits
Class: MAMMALIA
*Mammals
have hair & mammary glands.
give birth to live young
have a diaphragm
Examples:
bats, whale, elephant, deer, horse, human, monkey, rabbits

37. Class: MAMMALIA CHARACTERISTICS: Vertebrates
ENDOTHERMIC (WARM-blooded)
BILATERAL symmetry
Coelomate
Digestive System – COMPLETE
Skeletal System – made of BONE
Circulatory System – 4-chambered heart
Reproduction – INTERNAL fertilization, LIVE YOUNG
*Dioecious